Anatomy Flashcards
Causes of Dupuytren’s contracture
DM, smoking, alcohol (liver disease), manual layout, trauma, phenytoin.
Test to confirm injury to ulnar nerve (do wut movement against resistance?)
Abduction of fingers
(ulnar supplies dorsal and palmar interossei involved in fingers abduction n addiction)
Nerve root/dermatone supply of LL
L1- pelvic girdle
L2- anterior thigh
L3- medial thigh and distal anterior thigh
L4- medial (inner) shin
L5- lateral shin n dorsum foot
S1- later foot
Level of iliac crest
L4
Paraesthesia of dorsal n palmar aspect of little and ring fingers
Ulner nerve
Tingling of lateral 3 fingers
Median nerve
Paraesthesia of dorsal aspect of thumb and small dorsal area between 1st and 2nd finger.
Radial nerve
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Pierces structures
1)Midline?
2)Mid point between umbilicus and ASIS
1) linea alba
2) internal oblique and external oblique aponeurosis
Chest drain where?
1) safe triangle
2)dangers
3) from where to drain
1) anterior - p. Major
2) posterior - L. Dorsai
3) superior- base of axils
4) base - 5th ICS
2)VAN , nerve being the most superficial/outward (vein, artery, nerve)+
Intercostal muscles
3) safe triangle, superior border of intercostal space to avoid VAN n muscle injury
Swelling behind knee, round, smooth, non- tender, usually asymptomatic?
Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst)
Numbness and tingling of thumb, index, middle fingers
1) nerve?
2) syndrome?
3) syndrome common causes?
4) which ligament compress the nerve causing the syndrome?
5) Treatment?
1) median nerve
2) carpal tunnel syndrome
3) pregnancy (fluid retention)
4) transverse carpal ligament aka flexor retinaculum aka anterior annular ligament
5) cut the ligament to release pressure
Anterior annular ligament has two other names and it is associated with a syndrome
Flexor retinaculum
Transverse carpal ligament
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Compartment syndrome
C8 reticulopathy
Injury of nerve root of brachial plexus
1) Thumb abduction n extension impair
2)Numbness of thin area of forearm up to lil finger
3)ulnar deviation of the wrist
T1 reticulopathy
Injury of nerve root of brachial plexus
1)Abduction and addiction of fingers
2) pain and Paraesthesia of affected nerve.
Impair flexion of MCP and proximal IPs.
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Impair flexion of distal IPs.
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor - Distal - profundus
Popeye appearance
/ muscle bunch up in the distal arm
proximal biceps tendon rupture
The patient feels that something in the cubital fossa has ruptured
Distal biceps tendon rupture
- Single traumatic event
- Flexion against resistance
- Sudden sharp tearing sensation
- Painful swollen elbow
- weakness in flexion and supination
Distal biceps tendon rupture
Dorsiflexion of the wrist
Radial nerve
Wrist drop
Radial nerve
1) Saturday night palsy ( compress medial aspect of forearm during operation)
2) rCrutch palsy ( against spiral groove of medial aspect of forearm)
Radial nerve
Wrist drop ( list of extensors of thumb , fingers, wrists, forearm)
Lost of sensation of dorsal aspect of thumb and small dorsal area of 1st and 2nd finger
Winged scapula
- Difficulty in abducting arm beyond 90.
- Arm is stretched out against resistance, scapula is prominent.
Long thoracic nerve (C5- C7)
Serratus anterior
Winged scapula causes (long thoracic nerve injury)
Sports
Blow to the ribs
Following mastectomy
Foot drop
Common peroneal nerve
(Dorsiflexion and version of ankle )
Posterior hip dislocation
Positive trendelenburg sign
Thigh abduction impair
Superior gluteal nerve (motor only nerve)
- Difficulty rising from seated position
- Cannot jump
- Cannot climb stairs
Inferior gluteal nerve (motor only)
Hip extension and lateral rotation
Motor functions of nerve root of upper limb
C5 C6 C7 C8
C5 C6 C7 C8
Flex extend extend flex
Elbow wrist elbow fingers
Leriche syndrome
Aorto- iliac artery occlusion
Pain in buttocks, thighs, erectile dysfunction
Peripheral arterial disease
Pregnancy associated hand syndromes
1) Guyon’s canal
(Ulnar nerve compression at wrist)
Numbness at lil finger n half of ring finger
2) carpal tunnel
(median nerve compression)
Numbness over thumb, index n middle finger
Brachial plexus
Upper?
Lower?
Upper- C567
Lower - C8 T1
Ulnar nerve
C8, T1
Inferior/lower trunk of brachial plexus
Meralgia
Impair lateral cutaneous nerve of the the thigh / lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Sensory only
To lateral and posterior surfaces of thigh
Impair sensation to that area
Nerve injury followed by asymmetrical chest movement
Phrenic nerve injury
(Normally, it controls diaphragm)
Tympanoplasty
Decrease sensation of taste
Decrease salivation
Facial nerve injury (7th CN)
- Facial nerve- sublingual nerve and submandibular nerve
- Chords tympani nerve is a branch of facial nerve also, when plastyvis done, this nerve has risk to be injured
Parkinson’s disease
Degeneration of doperminergic neurons in substantia nigras
Triad of
1) bradykinesia
2) resting tremors
3) rigidity
Asymmetrical
Cubical tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
No high pitch
Monotone voice
External laryngeal nerve
A branch of super laryngeal nerve
Which side recurrent laryngeal nerve is effected often?
Left
Due to long course
Winged scapula
Which side titling of head increase the pain
(Same side with the affected or opposite?
Opposite
Scapula prominent when
Slow lowering of arm from forward elevation
Dorsal scapular nerve palsy
Winging increase by arum abduction at shoulder level
Accessory nerve palsy
Post op posterior triangle surgery
Trapezius n sternocledomastoid muscle
Winging increase when pushes against a wall with his arm extended
Contra lateral pain on tilting of the head
Long thoracic nerve
C567
Serratus anterior
Femoral pulse palpated where?
Mid inguinal point
Deep inguinal ring
2.5 cm above mid point of inguinal ligament
Extensive pollicis longus
Extend thumb at IP joint
For Full extension
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extension of thumb at MCP joints
Rule of 17?
10 + 7 - opposite
12 + 5 - same
