Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
What are the major sulci
The central sulcus, the lateral sulcus (fissure) and longitudinal fissure
What are the 4 structures of the brain stem
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
What is the precentral gyrus
Anterior to the central sulcus and is the site of the primary motor cortex. There are motor neuron cell bodies that innervate voluntary skeletal muscles
What is the post central gyrus
Posterior to the central sulcus it’s the sire of the primary somatosensory cortex. Sensory neurons that convey somatic sensations from the skin
What is the corpus callosum
A large group of axons that allow communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres
What are the major bones of the neurocranium
Occipital bone, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal bones
Name the facial skeleton
2 nasal bones, vomer, 2 maxilla, the mandible and 2 zygomatic bones
I olfactory
Sensory
Olfaction
II Optic
Sensory
Visiom
III oculomotor
Motor
Extraocular muscles of the eye
IV trochlear
Motor
Superior oblique muscles of the eye
V trigeminal
Sensory and motor
Sensory to skin over scalp, cheeks and jaw. Motor to muscles of mastiff
VI abducens
Motor
Lateral recuts muscle of the eye
VII facial
Sensory and motor
Muscles of facial expression and taste in anterior
VIII vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing and balance
IX glossopharyngeal
Both
Muscles of the pharynx
X vagus
Both
Sensation from pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen. Parasympathetic motor in thorax to abdomen
XI accessory
M
Trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle
XII Hypoglossal
M
Muscles of tongue
What are arachnoid granulations
2 way valve system filtering CSF out of subarachnoid space back into systematic circulation at Duran venous sinuses
What are the subdural And extradural spaces and why are these describes as potential spaces
Subdural= between Dura and arachnoid
Extradural=between dura and skull
Potential spaces as they should be empty but fluid can collect in pathological conditions
General somatic efferent
Activates skeletal muscle
Special visceral efferent
Activates skeletal muscle on the head neck and smooth muscle
General visceral efferent
Increase or decrease rate of activity in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
General somatic afférents
Sensation from skin, muscles and joints
General visceral afférents
Special senses from organs associated w GI tract
Special somatic afférents
Special senses from organs not associated with GI tract
Special visceral afferents
Chemoreceptors in organs
Where does the spinal cord start and end
Medulla of the brain stem and ends conus medullaris and the cauda equina
What are the four regions of the spine
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral
What part of the neuron is found at the dorsal root
Cell bodies of the peripheral sensory neurons
What are the posterior (dorsal) and anterior(ventral) rami
Branches of the spinal nerve
Each ramus contains sensory and motor neurons
Dorsal ramus=muscles and skin of the back posterior vertebral column
Ventral ramus=sensory and motor innervation to all other body parts
