Anatomy

Question 1

what are the 4 pars of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

tuberalis
intermedia
distalis
nervosa

Question 2

what hormones are released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (6)

Answer 2

growth hormone
prolactin
thyroid-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinising hormone

Question 3

what hormones are released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (2)

Answer 3

antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

Question 4

what hormone is released by the intermediate zone of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 5

what hormones do hypothalamic neurons secrete (2)

Answer 5

releasing hormones
release-inhibitory hormones

Question 6

what do the hypothalamic neuron secretions act on?

Answer 6

ANTERIOR pituitary gland

Question 7

what cranial nerves are near the pituitary gland?

Answer 7

CN II optic chiasm
CN III oculomotor
CN IV trochlear
CN V trigeminal
CN VI abducens

Question 8

what happens if there is a functional deficit of the optic chiasm?

Answer 8

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 9

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

Answer 9

superior middle and inferior thyroid veins

Question 10

where does the superior thyroid vein drain into?

Answer 10

internal jugular vein

Question 11

where does the middle thyroid vein drain into?

Answer 11

internal jugular vein

Question 12

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?

Answer 12

brachiocephalic (usually left)

Question 13

what is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

Answer 13

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 14

where is the superior thyroid artery from?

Answer 14

external carotid artery

Question 15

where is the inferior thyroid artery from?

Answer 15

subclavian artery

Question 16

what are the 4 strap muscles?

Answer 16

sternohyoid
omohyoid
sterothyroid
thyrohyoid

Question 17

what are the 4 fascial compartments of the neck?

Answer 17

investing
prevertebral
carotid sheath
pretracheal

Question 18

what are the contents of the investing fascia?

Answer 18

trapezius
sternocleidomastoid

Question 19

what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 19

cervical vertebrae
posterior neck muscles

Question 20

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 20

common carotid arteries
vagus nerves
deep cervical lymph nodes
internal jugular veins

Question 21

what are the contents of the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 21

trachea
oesophagus
thyroid gland
strap muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 22

what supples all of the strap muscles (apart from the thyrohyoid)?

Answer 22

ansa cervicalis

Question 23

what is the thyrohyoid muscle innervated by?

Answer 23

C1, which runs with the hypoglossal nerve

Question 24

what is the ansa cervicalis composed of?

Answer 24

anterior rami of C1-3

Question 25

what are the main cells of the islets of langerhans?

Answer 25

alpha beta and delta

Question 26

what arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 26

gastroduodenal superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal splenic superior mesenteric

Question 27

what are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland?

Answer 27

adrenal cortex adrenal medulla

Question 28

what hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete? (3)

Answer 28

glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens

Question 29

what hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete? (2)

Answer 29

adrenaline noradrenaline

Question 30

what separates the kidney and the adrenal gland?

Answer 30

fascial septum

Question 31

what is the arterial supply of the adrenal gland? (3)

Answer 31

superior suprarenal artery middle suprarenal artery inferior suprarenal artery (all left and right)

Question 32

what is the venous drainage of the adrenal gland?

Answer 32

renal vein (left and right) drain into IVC