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Case 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Right and left coronary arteries

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2
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch? (in order)

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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3
Q

branches of the thoracic aorta?

A

subcostal
bronchial
superior phrenic
oesophageal branches
pericardial branches
posterior intercostal
mediastinal branches

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4
Q

Branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

inferior phrenic
Celiac trunk
middle suprarenal
superior mesenteric artery
right renal artery
lumbar artery
right gonadal artery
inferior mesenteric artery
median sacral

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5
Q

what does inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

the hindgut

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6
Q

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

the midgut

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7
Q

what does the celiac trunk supply?

A

the foregut

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8
Q

what does the renal artery supply?

A

kidneys

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9
Q

what does the gonadal artery supply?

A

testes/ovaries

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10
Q

what does the inferior phrenic artery supply?

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

what does the lumbar artery supply?

A

spinal cord and abdominal wall

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12
Q

what does the suprarenal artery supply?

A

adrenal gland

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13
Q

what does the median sacral supply?

A

lumbar vertebra , sacrum and coccyx

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14
Q

branches of the superior vena cava

A

branches into left and right brachiocephalic vein and the into left and right subclavian vein
also a branch for the jugular veins

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15
Q

what vein comes down from the SVC?

A

Azygous vein

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16
Q

what are the 7 main tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

A

inferior phrenic vein
hepatic right, middle and left
suprarenal vein
renal vein
right gonadal vein
lumbar vein
common iliac vein

17
Q

what plane divides the superior an inferior mediastinum?

A

thoracic plane. sternal angle to the T4 vertebrae

18
Q

what are the regions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

19
Q

what are the borders of the superior mediastinum?

A

superior - superior thoracic aperture
inferior - thoracic plane
anterior - sternum (manubrium)
posterior - (T1-T4 vertebra)

20
Q

what are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?

A

superior - thoracic plane
inferior - diaphragm
anterior - sternum
posterior - fibrous pericardium

21
Q

what are the borders of the middle mediastinum?

A

superior - thoracic plane
inferior - diaphragm
anterior - fibrous pericardium
posterior - fibrous pericardium

22
Q

what are the borders of the posterior mediastinum?

A

superior - thoracic plane
inferior - diaphragm
anterior - fibrous pericardium
posterior - T4-T12 vertebra

23
Q

major structures in the superior mediastinum

A

aortic arch and branches
superior vena cava and tributaries
phrenic and vagus nerve
cardiac plexus
sympathetic nerve
oesophagus and trachea
thymus
thoracic duct

24
Q

structures of the anterior mediastinum

A

thymus

25
Q

Major structures of the middle mediastinum

A

origin of the great vessels (aorta, SVC, pulmonary trunk)
heart
trachea
bronchi
phrenic nerve
cardiac plexus

26
Q

major structures of the posterior mediastinum

A

thoracic aorta
oesophagus
thoracic duct
azygos and hemiazygous vein

27
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

The most abundant primary tissue in the body which supports and binds structures

28
Q

What are the types of connective tissue

A

loose
dense
specialised

29
Q

describe the structure of connective tissue

A

consists of cells and extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix contains collagen, elastin and reticular fibres as well as ground substance and which is water and glycosaminoglycans

30
Q

Describe loose connective tissue

A

lots of ground substance and fewer fibres
adipocytes, areolar and reticular

31
Q

Describe dense connective tissue

A

large amount of fibre and less ground substance

Regular dense CT has parallel fibres which have high tensile strength - ligaments and tendons

Irregular dense CT has fibres in one direction making it strong in all directions. Forms the outer later of artery walls.

Elastic tissue contains elastic fibres and collagen and can return to original length after stretching

32
Q

examples of specialised Connective tissue

A

cartilage
bone
blood (no fibres)

Case 1 (6 decks)

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