Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 types of permanent teeth?
- Incisors
- Canines
- Pre-molars
- Molars
What are the 5 types of deciduous teeth?
- Central incisors
- Lateral incisors
- Canine (cupid)
- First molar
- Second molar
What are the 5 surfaces of a tooth?
- Facial (buccal/labial)
facing out - Lingual (palatal)
facing in - Masticatory (incisal/occlusal)
Chewing surface - Mesial
Towards the middle - Distal
Away from the midline
What is BPE code 0
Healthy gingival tissues with no bleeding on gentle probing
What is BPE code 1
The BLACK band on the probe remains completely visible in the deepest pocket within the sextant. There are no defective margins or calculus. There is some BLEEDING after gentle probing.
What is BPE code 2
The whole of the BLACK part of the probe remains visible in the deepest
pocket in the sextant supra or sub-gingival calculus detected or defective margin(s) of crowns or restorations.
What is BPE code 3
Part of the BLACK band on probe remains visible in the deepest part of
the sextant.
What is BPE code 4
BLACK part of the probe disappears completely into the deepest pocket
in the sextant.
What is code *
Loss of attachment (recession and probing depth > 7mm OR Presence of a furcation lesion
What is a perio pocket?
Gum disease (periodontitis) is where the periodontal ligament
has been destroyed so the gum has pulled away from the
tooth causing a pocket. In some cases the gum recedes
leaving the root of the tooth exposed resulting in sensitivity.
What is a false pocket?
False pockets are reversible, and
are a localised swelling of the gingival
margin found in gingivitis
What is a true pocket?
True pockets are a result of a loss
of attachment/destruction of the
periodontal ligament creating a space
between the tooth root and the gum
found in periodontal disease
What is tooth morphology?
TOOTH MORPHOLOGY IS THE SHAPE OF THE TOOTH CUSPS AND FISSURES
Lower first permanent morphology
A LOWER FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR (6) HAS 5
CUSP
Lower second permanent morphology
A LOWER SECOND PERMANENT MOLAR (7) HAS 4 CUSPS
What is a cusp of carabelli?
AN UPPER FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR (6) CAN
HAVE AN EXTRA CUSP CALLED A CUSP OF
CARABELLI ON THE PALATAL SIDE
Upper first molar roots?
UPPER FIRST PERMANENT
MOLAR ROOTS
(MESIO-BUCCAL, DISTO-BUCCAL,
PALATAL)
Lower first molar roots?
LOWER FIRST PERMANENT
MOLAR ROOTS
(MESIAL AND DISTAL)
Upper first pre-molar roots?
UPPER PERMANENT FIRST PREMOLAR (4)
2 ROOTS
Lower first pre-molar roots?
LOWER PERMANENT FIRST PREMOLAR (4)
VERY SMALL LINGUAL CUSP
What are extra teeth called?
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH —IN THE MIDLINE THEY ARE CALLED A
MESIODENS; THEY CAN STOP THE UPPER INCISOR
FROM ERUPTING.
What is attrition?
TEETH GROUND AWAY ON THE OCCLUSAL
SURFACES FROM GRINDING - BRUXISM
NON-CARIOUS TOOTH SURFACE LOSS
What are white spot lesions?
FIRST SIGNS OF DECALCIFICATION – CAVITY
FORMATION
What is arrested caries?
THEY ARE DARK BECAUSE THEY HAVE
REMINERALISED FROM FOOD AND DRINK BUT
ARE NO LONGER DECAYING
What is hyperplasia?
WHERE THE ENAMEL HAS FAILED TO FULLY
DEVELOP
What is fluorosis?
TOO MUCH FLUORIDE WAS INGESTED BY THE
YOUNG CHILD WHEN THE TEETH WERE FORMING –
SWALLOWING TOOTHPASTE IN A WATER
FLUORIDATED AREA
What is Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN)
- The IOTN is used to assess the need and eligibility
of children under 18 years of age for NHS
orthodontic treatment on dental health grounds. - The first part of the IOTN is the Dental Health
Component (DHC) which has 5 Grades. - The second part of the IOTN is the Aesthetic
Component (AC). - Within the NHS if a patient in Dental Health
category 3 has an Aesthetic Component rating of
6 or more NHS treatment is permissible
IOTN gradings
- Grade 1 is almost perfection
- Grade 2 is for minor irregularities
- Grade 3 is for greater irregularities which
normally do not need treatment for health
reasons. - Grade 4 is for more severe degrees of
irregularity and these do require treatment
for health reasons - Grade 5 is for severe dental health problems
Class 1
Class I: upper and lower jaws are about the same size
Overbite = 2mm Overjet = 2mm
The lower incisor edges occlude with the
cingulum of the upper incisors
Class 2
Class II: upper jaw is too long or lower jaw is too short (SMALL CHIN)
Overbite = may be increased from overeruption
Overjet = significant increase, incisors are
proclined
Class 3
Class III: upper jaw is too short or lower jaw is too long (LARGE CHIN)
Overbite = usually increased and lower incisors
may bite on palate known as a deep overbite
Overjet = generally not increased as incisors are
retroclined (sloping backwards)
What is overbite?
OVERBITE: vertical overlap of the incisors – how
far the upper incisors bite over the lower incisors
measured from the incisal tips of both teeth.
What is overjet?
OVERJET: horizontal measurement of the incisors
– how far the upper incisors are in front (or
behind) the lower incisors.
From the incisal tip of the uppers
to the buccal surface of the
lowers.
What are the 3 ortho appliances?
Fixed appliance- brases
Removable appliance
Functional appliance
