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year 2 MSK > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

action of superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

extensors, abductors and medial rotators of thigh

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3
Q

nerve innervating superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

all by superior gluteal nerve other than gluteus Maximus innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

what is the origin of gluteus medius

A

between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines of the ilium

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5
Q

what is the origin of gluteus minimus

A

between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines of the ilium

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6
Q

insertion of gluteus medius AND minimus

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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7
Q

where does superior gluteal nerve exist?

A

Leaves pelvic cavity via the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis

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8
Q

what is the route of superior gluteal nerve?

A

Passes between gluteus minimus and gluteus medius

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9
Q

what are the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femoris

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10
Q

action of deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers

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11
Q

what nerves innervate deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

nerves from sacral plexus

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12
Q

where does nerve enter/ exist pelvis & perineum?

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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13
Q

what are the ligaments covering/ forming lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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14
Q

what are the nerves that exit at the pelvis/ gluteal region

A

Sciatic (L4-S3)
Pudendal (S2-S4)
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

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15
Q

what place does Pudendal (S2-S4) nerve supply

A

perineum

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16
Q

what area does posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-S3) supply?

A

skin over posterior thigh
popliteal fossa
lateral perineum
upper medial thigh

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17
Q

what is the larges nerve of the body

A

Sciatic (L4-S3)

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18
Q

where does Sciatic (L4-S3) nerve exist

A

Leaves pelvis through great sciatic
foramen inferior to piriformis

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19
Q

how does sciatic (L4-S3) nerve run anatomically

A

Runs posterior to the acetabulum at
the level of the ischium

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20
Q

when and what does sciatic nerve separate

A

distal thigh
tibial nerve & common fibular

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21
Q

what does sciatic (L4-S3) nerve supply?

A
  1. posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles
  2. most of the skin via tibial and common fibular braches
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22
Q

what are the superior, medial, and lateral boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

superior – inguinal ligament
medially – adductor longus
laterally – sartorius

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23
Q

what are the floor and roof boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

floor – iliopsoas and pectineus
roof – deep fascia (fascia lata)

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24
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics

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25
Q

what are the 2 actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

flexors of the thigh
extensor of the leg

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26
Q

what nerve supply the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral (L2, L3, L4) nerve except psoas major (L1,L2,L3)

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27
Q

which muscles are the flexors of the thigh?

A

pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius

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28
Q

which muscle is the extensor of the leg

A

quadriceps femoris
a. Rectus femoris (superficial)
b. Vastus lateralis (lateral)
c. Vastus intermedius (deep)
d. Vastus medialis (medial)

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29
Q

what is the action of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adductors of thigh

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30
Q

what nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

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31
Q

which muscles are the adductors of the thigh

A

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externus

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32
Q

what are the 2 actions of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

extensor of the thigh
flexor of the leg

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33
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) except short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)

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34
Q

which muscles are the extensor of the thigh

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus

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35
Q

which muscles are the flexor of the leg

A

biceps femoris

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36
Q

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexors of ankle
extensors of toes

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37
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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38
Q

which muscles are the dorsiflexors of the ankle

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

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39
Q

which muscles are the extensors of toes

A

extensor digitorum longus (lateral 4 digits)
extensor hallucis longus (great toe)

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40
Q

what are the actions of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

evert foot
weakly plantarflex ankle

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41
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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42
Q

which muscles evert the foot?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

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43
Q

which muscles weakly plantar flex ankle?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

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44
Q

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial group - plantarflexors of ankle
Deep group – flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle

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45
Q

which nerve supplies posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

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46
Q

which muscles are superficial group/ plantarflexors of ankle

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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47
Q

which muscles are deep group/flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

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48
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint where head of femur attaches to acetabulum

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49
Q

what are the ligaments around hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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50
Q

what are the blood supply of the hip?

A
  1. medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries from profunda femoris (deep femoral artery)
  2. artery to head of femur from obturator artery
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51
Q

what is the main blood supply to the hip

A

medial circumflex artery from profound femoris, which branches retinacular arteries

52
Q

what are the hinge joints of the knee?

A

3 articulations
2 x femerotibial
1 x femeropatellar

53
Q

what surrounds the synovial joint of the knee?

A

external fibrous layer
internal membranous layer (extensions as bursae)

54
Q

what are the extracapsular part of the knee ligament?

A

patellar ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament

55
Q

what are the intra-articular part of knee ligament?

A

anterior cruciate (ACL)
posterior cruciate (PCL)

56
Q

clinical exam for knee joint integrity?

A

anterior / posterior drawer signs

57
Q

what are the boundaries of popliteal fossa?

A

superolaterally – biceps femoris
superomedially – semimembranosus
inferiorly – gastrocnemius
roof – popliteal fascia

58
Q

what structures are in the popliteal fossa?

A

terminal small saphenous vein
popliteal vessels
tibial and common fibular nerves

59
Q

what is the calcaneal tendon?

A

Achilles tendon
thickest and strongest in body
tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus together

60
Q

what is a clinical exam used for achilles tendon

A

ankle jerk’ reflex
tests S1, S2 nerve roots

61
Q

what are the boney architectures of the hip joint

A

femoral head and acetabulum
synovial ball and socket

62
Q

what is the Acetabular labrum in the hip joint

A

Fibrocartilaginous rim along the margin of the acetabulum

63
Q

what are the 3 ligaments around the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament (‘y’ shaped)
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

64
Q

when does posterior hip dislocation usually occur

A

car accident: hip flexed, adducted, medially rotated, head of femur drive posteriorly

65
Q

what nerve is commonly effected during posterior hip dislocation

A

sciatic (L4-S3)

66
Q

what are the deltoid ligaments in the ankle stabilizing medial malleolus

A

Anterior tibiotalar ligaments
posterior tibiotalar ligaments
tibionavicular ligaments
tibiocalcaneal ligaments

67
Q

what is Maisonneuve fracture

A
  1. separation of distal fibula & tibia causing tibiofibular syndesmosis
  2. Fracture of proximal fibular
68
Q

does radius move over ulna during supination of pronation

A

pronation
palms are facing down wards

69
Q

what are the 3 ligaments surround the elbow

A

annular ligament
Lateral (radial) collateral ligament
Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

70
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior shoulder girdle that are attached to the ribs?

A

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serrates anterior

71
Q

nerve supply of the 3 muscles of the anterior shoulder girdle that are attached to the ribs

A

pectoralis major: medial & lateral pectoral nerve
pectorals minor: medial pectoral nerve
serratus anterior: long thoracic nerve

72
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the poster shoulder girdle that are attached to the spine?

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

73
Q

nerve supply of the 3 muscles of the poster shoulder girdle that are attached to the spine

A

trapezius: CNXI
latissimus dorsi: thoracodorsal nerve
rhomboid major & minor: dorsal scapular nerve

74
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

75
Q

what are the insertion of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

all are attached to the greater tuberosity of humerus except subscapularis is attached the lesser tuberosity

76
Q

what are the 2 muscles of the shoulder girdle not attached to spine, ribs or apart of the rotator cuff msucles? and what are their nerve innervations

A

deltoid: axillary nerve
terms major: lower subscapular nerve

77
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

78
Q

what are the action of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

flexion of arm and forearm
bicep brachii also supinate forearm

79
Q

what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

brachial
brachial
musculocutaneous

80
Q

what muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

tricep brachii

81
Q

what is the action of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

extension of arm and forearm

82
Q

what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

profunda brachii, ulnar collateral
profunda brachii
radial

83
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

84
Q

what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

85
Q

what are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

86
Q

what is the action anterior forearm muscles?

A

Flexion of the wrist and digits; abduction and adduction of the wrist; pronation of the forearm

87
Q

what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the anterior forearm?

A

radial, ulnar
venae comitantes
median (+ ulnar)

88
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
anconeus
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi

89
Q

what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor indicis

90
Q

what is the action of posterior forearm muscles?

A

Extension of the wrist and digits, abduction and adduction of the wrist; supination of the forearm

91
Q

what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the posterior forearm?

A

interosseous
venae comitantes
radial

92
Q

what are the thenar eminence muscles of the hand

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

93
Q

what nerve innervated the thenar eminence muscles

A

median (Affected by carpal tunnel syndrome)

94
Q

what are the Hypothenar eminence muscles of the hands?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

95
Q

what nerve innervated the hypothenar eminence muscles

A

ulnar nerve

96
Q

what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the hand?

A

deep and superficial palmar arches
ulnar (+ median = LOAF)

97
Q

which muscle does median nerve supply in the hand/ what does LOAF stand for?

A

L = medial 2 lumbricals
O = opponens pollicis
A = abductor pollicis brevis
F = flexor pollicis brevis

98
Q

what are the lumbricals muscles attached to

A

Attached to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

99
Q

what nerve innervated the lumbrical muscles

A

median nerve (lateral 2)
ulnar nerve (medial 2)

100
Q

what are the interossei muscles

A

Dorsal interossei – Abduction of digits (DAB)
Palmar interossei – Adduction of digits (PAD)

101
Q

what nerve innervated the interossei muscles

A

ulnar nerve

102
Q

where does brachial plexus originate

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

103
Q

what is the route of brachial plexus

A

pass through the axilla to the medial arm

104
Q

what are the sections of brachial plexus

A

roots, trunk, divisions, chords, trunks

105
Q

what are the superior, middle, and inferior trunks of brachial plexus & their origins?

A

C5 and C6 form the superior (upper) trunk
C7 continues as the middle trunk
C8 and T1 form the inferior (lower) trunk

106
Q

how are divisions of the brachial plexus formed

A

each trunk have anterior and posterior division

107
Q

what forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

the three posterior divisions come together to form the posterior cord

108
Q

what forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks come together to form the lateral cord

109
Q

what forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

the anterior division of the inferior trunk continues as the medial cord

110
Q

what are the main branches of the brachial plexus?

A

musclocutaenous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar

111
Q

what are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus & where do they branch off?

A

long thoracic: C5-C7 root
dorsal scapular: C5 root
suprascapular & nerve to subclavius: superior trunk

112
Q

what forms the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum
carpal bones

113
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (x4)
flexor digitorum profundus (x4)
flexor pollicis longus (x1)
median nerve

114
Q

what are the blood supply of the arm from the clavicle to hand

A

subclavian
axillary
brachial
deep: radial & deep palmar arch
superficial: ulnar & superficial palmar arch

115
Q

what muscles do axillary nerve supply? and what are their actions?

A

Deltoid muscle: Abduction of the arm
Teres minor: Lateral rotation of the arm

116
Q

what nerve may be injured in anterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint

A

axillary nerve

117
Q

what does main branch of radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Supinator

118
Q

what is the route of radial nerve

A
  1. courses around radial groove of the humerus
  2. goes to posterior compartment of the arm
  3. branches to superficial & deep at distal arm
119
Q

damage of which nerve causes wrist drop?

A

radial nerve

120
Q

which nerve Runs medially in arm and passes anterior to elbow joint (cubital fossa)

A

median nerve

121
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa

A

bicep brachii tendon
brachial artery
median nerve

122
Q

what are the motor supply of median nerve in the forearm

A

all muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris & ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

123
Q

which nerve Runs posteriorly between medial epicondyle and olecranon process - cubital tunnel

A

ulnar nerve

124
Q

what muscles does motor ulnar supply in the forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

125
Q

what are the sensory ulnar supply in the hand?

A

Supplies skin of:
Medial palm
5th digit (little finger)
Medial half of 4th digit (ring finger)

126
Q

what are the special features of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facets?

A

cervical: forming transverse area
thoracic: costal facets
lumbar: doesn’t have above 2 features

year 2 MSK (1 decks)

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