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year 2 MSK > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

action of superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

extensors, abductors and medial rotators of thigh

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3
Q

nerve innervating superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

all by superior gluteal nerve other than gluteus Maximus innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

what is the origin of gluteus medius

A

between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines of the ilium

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5
Q

what is the origin of gluteus minimus

A

between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines of the ilium

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6
Q

insertion of gluteus medius AND minimus

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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7
Q

where does superior gluteal nerve exist?

A

Leaves pelvic cavity via the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis

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8
Q

what is the route of superior gluteal nerve?

A

Passes between gluteus minimus and gluteus medius

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9
Q

what are the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femoris

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10
Q

action of deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers

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11
Q

what nerves innervate deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

nerves from sacral plexus

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12
Q

where does nerve enter/ exist pelvis & perineum?

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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13
Q

what are the ligaments covering/ forming lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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14
Q

what are the nerves that exit at the pelvis/ gluteal region

A

Sciatic (L4-S3)
Pudendal (S2-S4)
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

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15
Q

what place does Pudendal (S2-S4) nerve supply

A

perineum

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16
Q

what area does posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-S3) supply?

A

skin over posterior thigh
popliteal fossa
lateral perineum
upper medial thigh

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17
Q

what is the larges nerve of the body

A

Sciatic (L4-S3)

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18
Q

where does Sciatic (L4-S3) nerve exist

A

Leaves pelvis through great sciatic
foramen inferior to piriformis

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19
Q

how does sciatic (L4-S3) nerve run anatomically

A

Runs posterior to the acetabulum at
the level of the ischium

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20
Q

when and what does sciatic nerve separate

A

distal thigh
tibial nerve & common fibular

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21
Q

what does sciatic (L4-S3) nerve supply?

A
  1. posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles
  2. most of the skin via tibial and common fibular braches
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22
Q

what are the superior, medial, and lateral boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

superior – inguinal ligament
medially – adductor longus
laterally – sartorius

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23
Q

what are the floor and roof boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

floor – iliopsoas and pectineus
roof – deep fascia (fascia lata)

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24
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics

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25
what are the 2 actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh
flexors of the thigh extensor of the leg
26
what nerve supply the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral (L2, L3, L4) nerve except psoas major (L1,L2,L3)
27
which muscles are the flexors of the thigh?
pectineus iliopsoas sartorius
28
which muscle is the extensor of the leg
quadriceps femoris a. Rectus femoris (superficial) b. Vastus lateralis (lateral) c. Vastus intermedius (deep) d. Vastus medialis (medial)
29
what is the action of the medial compartment of the thigh
adductors of thigh
30
what nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)
31
which muscles are the adductors of the thigh
adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus
32
what are the 2 actions of the posterior compartment of the thigh
extensor of the thigh flexor of the leg
33
what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) except short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)
34
which muscles are the extensor of the thigh
semitendinosus semimembranosus
35
which muscles are the flexor of the leg
biceps femoris
36
what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the leg
dorsiflexors of ankle extensors of toes
37
what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
38
which muscles are the dorsiflexors of the ankle
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius
39
which muscles are the extensors of toes
extensor digitorum longus (lateral 4 digits) extensor hallucis longus (great toe)
40
what are the actions of the lateral compartment of the leg
evert foot weakly plantarflex ankle
41
what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
42
which muscles evert the foot?
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
43
which muscles weakly plantar flex ankle?
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
44
what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial group - plantarflexors of ankle Deep group – flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle
45
which nerve supplies posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
46
which muscles are superficial group/ plantarflexors of ankle
gastrocnemius soleus plantaris
47
which muscles are deep group/flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle
popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
48
what type of joint is the hip joint
synovial ball and socket joint where head of femur attaches to acetabulum
49
what are the ligaments around hip joint
iliofemoral pubofemoral ischiofemoral
50
what are the blood supply of the hip?
1. medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries from profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) 2. artery to head of femur from obturator artery
51
what is the main blood supply to the hip
medial circumflex artery from profound femoris, which branches retinacular arteries
52
what are the hinge joints of the knee?
3 articulations 2 x femerotibial 1 x femeropatellar
53
what surrounds the synovial joint of the knee?
external fibrous layer internal membranous layer (extensions as bursae)
54
what are the extracapsular part of the knee ligament?
patellar ligament lateral (fibular) collateral ligament medial (tibial) collateral ligament
55
what are the intra-articular part of knee ligament?
anterior cruciate (ACL) posterior cruciate (PCL)
56
clinical exam for knee joint integrity?
anterior / posterior drawer signs
57
what are the boundaries of popliteal fossa?
superolaterally – biceps femoris superomedially – semimembranosus inferiorly – gastrocnemius roof – popliteal fascia
58
what structures are in the popliteal fossa?
terminal small saphenous vein popliteal vessels tibial and common fibular nerves
59
what is the calcaneal tendon?
Achilles tendon thickest and strongest in body tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus together
60
what is a clinical exam used for achilles tendon
ankle jerk’ reflex tests S1, S2 nerve roots
61
what are the boney architectures of the hip joint
femoral head and acetabulum synovial ball and socket
62
what is the Acetabular labrum in the hip joint
Fibrocartilaginous rim along the margin of the acetabulum
63
what are the 3 ligaments around the hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament (‘y’ shaped) Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament
64
when does posterior hip dislocation usually occur
car accident: hip flexed, adducted, medially rotated, head of femur drive posteriorly
65
what nerve is commonly effected during posterior hip dislocation
sciatic (L4-S3)
66
what are the deltoid ligaments in the ankle stabilizing medial malleolus
Anterior tibiotalar ligaments posterior tibiotalar ligaments tibionavicular ligaments tibiocalcaneal ligaments
67
what is Maisonneuve fracture
1. separation of distal fibula & tibia causing tibiofibular syndesmosis 2. Fracture of proximal fibular
68
does radius move over ulna during supination of pronation
pronation palms are facing down wards
69
what are the 3 ligaments surround the elbow
annular ligament Lateral (radial) collateral ligament Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
70
what are the 3 muscles of the anterior shoulder girdle that are attached to the ribs?
pectoralis major pectoralis minor serrates anterior
71
nerve supply of the 3 muscles of the anterior shoulder girdle that are attached to the ribs
pectoralis major: medial & lateral pectoral nerve pectorals minor: medial pectoral nerve serratus anterior: long thoracic nerve
72
what are the 3 muscles of the poster shoulder girdle that are attached to the spine?
trapezius latissimus dorsi rhomboid major rhomboid minor
73
nerve supply of the 3 muscles of the poster shoulder girdle that are attached to the spine
trapezius: CNXI latissimus dorsi: thoracodorsal nerve rhomboid major & minor: dorsal scapular nerve
74
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
75
what are the insertion of the rotator cuff muscles?
all are attached to the greater tuberosity of humerus except subscapularis is attached the lesser tuberosity
76
what are the 2 muscles of the shoulder girdle not attached to spine, ribs or apart of the rotator cuff msucles? and what are their nerve innervations
deltoid: axillary nerve terms major: lower subscapular nerve
77
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis
78
what are the action of the anterior compartment of the arm?
flexion of arm and forearm bicep brachii also supinate forearm
79
what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?
brachial brachial musculocutaneous
80
what muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm?
tricep brachii
81
what is the action of the posterior compartment of the arm?
extension of arm and forearm
82
what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the posterior compartment of the arm?
profunda brachii, ulnar collateral profunda brachii radial
83
what are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus
84
what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
85
what are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
86
what is the action anterior forearm muscles?
Flexion of the wrist and digits; abduction and adduction of the wrist; pronation of the forearm
87
what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the anterior forearm?
radial, ulnar venae comitantes median (+ ulnar)
88
what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis anconeus extensor digitorum extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digiti minimi
89
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis
90
what is the action of posterior forearm muscles?
Extension of the wrist and digits, abduction and adduction of the wrist; supination of the forearm
91
what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the posterior forearm?
interosseous venae comitantes radial
92
what are the thenar eminence muscles of the hand
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
93
what nerve innervated the thenar eminence muscles
median (Affected by carpal tunnel syndrome)
94
what are the Hypothenar eminence muscles of the hands?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
95
what nerve innervated the hypothenar eminence muscles
ulnar nerve
96
what are the arterial, venous, and nerve supply of the hand?
deep and superficial palmar arches ulnar (+ median = LOAF)
97
which muscle does median nerve supply in the hand/ what does LOAF stand for?
L = medial 2 lumbricals O = opponens pollicis A = abductor pollicis brevis F = flexor pollicis brevis
98
what are the lumbricals muscles attached to
Attached to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
99
what nerve innervated the lumbrical muscles
median nerve (lateral 2) ulnar nerve (medial 2)
100
what are the interossei muscles
Dorsal interossei – Abduction of digits (DAB) Palmar interossei – Adduction of digits (PAD)
101
what nerve innervated the interossei muscles
ulnar nerve
102
where does brachial plexus originate
anterior rami of C5-T1
103
what is the route of brachial plexus
pass through the axilla to the medial arm
104
what are the sections of brachial plexus
roots, trunk, divisions, chords, trunks
105
what are the superior, middle, and inferior trunks of brachial plexus & their origins?
C5 and C6 form the superior (upper) trunk C7 continues as the middle trunk C8 and T1 form the inferior (lower) trunk
106
how are divisions of the brachial plexus formed
each trunk have anterior and posterior division
107
what forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
the three posterior divisions come together to form the posterior cord
108
what forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks come together to form the lateral cord
109
what forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus
the anterior division of the inferior trunk continues as the medial cord
110
what are the main branches of the brachial plexus?
musclocutaenous axillary radial median ulnar
111
what are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus & where do they branch off?
long thoracic: C5-C7 root dorsal scapular: C5 root suprascapular & nerve to subclavius: superior trunk
112
what forms the carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum carpal bones
113
what are the contents of the carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum superficialis (x4) flexor digitorum profundus (x4) flexor pollicis longus (x1) median nerve
114
what are the blood supply of the arm from the clavicle to hand
subclavian axillary brachial deep: radial & deep palmar arch superficial: ulnar & superficial palmar arch
115
what muscles do axillary nerve supply? and what are their actions?
Deltoid muscle: Abduction of the arm Teres minor: Lateral rotation of the arm
116
what nerve may be injured in anterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint
axillary nerve
117
what does main branch of radial nerve innervate?
Triceps brachii Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Supinator
118
what is the route of radial nerve
1. courses around radial groove of the humerus 2. goes to posterior compartment of the arm 3. branches to superficial & deep at distal arm
119
damage of which nerve causes wrist drop?
radial nerve
120
which nerve Runs medially in arm and passes anterior to elbow joint (cubital fossa)
median nerve
121
what are the contents of the cubital fossa
bicep brachii tendon brachial artery median nerve
122
what are the motor supply of median nerve in the forearm
all muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris & ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
123
which nerve Runs posteriorly between medial epicondyle and olecranon process - cubital tunnel
ulnar nerve
124
what muscles does motor ulnar supply in the forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
125
what are the sensory ulnar supply in the hand?
Supplies skin of: Medial palm 5th digit (little finger) Medial half of 4th digit (ring finger)
126
what are the special features of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facets?
cervical: forming transverse area thoracic: costal facets lumbar: doesn't have above 2 features

year 2 MSK (1 decks)

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