anatomy Flashcards
Meninges are what?
layers of connect tissue that support and float the brain
T/F meninges and ventricles supports the brain and spinal cord
T
how many layers does meninges have?
3 dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
what are the two layers of dura mater
periosteal and meningeal
T/F periosteal is against bone, meningeal faces other meninges in brain lies against arachnoid membrane
T
T/F dura mater is the inner most layer
f outermost
past age ___ brain starts to stick to skull dura becomes attached to skull
60
T/F periosteal and meningeal can not separate
F
Two meningeal layers can form ____ forming triangular space between duras called dura sinus
falx (double meningeal layer)
What does the subarachnoid space do
carries ceribrialspino fluid , wraps all the way around the brain
T/F there is subdural space (potential space) between meningeal arteries and end nerves that supply dura
T
T/F a symptom of dilated pupil can tell you that you have a epidural hematoma( bleeding between teh space between dura and skull)
T
Arachnoid membrane is thinner, transparent, similar to _____
saran wrap
the arachnoid membrane lies against what layer?
dura
arachnoind membrane is attached to pia by _______ trabeculae
collagen
what happens if your arachnoid membrane bleeds into subdural space ? is it serious young or old? is it a slow process?
lower pressure , slower takes longer , not as serious young and old
what is the space between arachnoid and pia
subarachnoid space
Which space has the cerebrolspinal fluid
subarachnoid space
What space has the major blood vessels ?
subarachnoid space
T/F subarachnoid space is placed by collagen fibers that look like spiders keep it at a specific distance
T
a ruptured aneurysm bleeds into what space, and what are symptoms? can it come from overexertion or motorcycle accident?
subarachnoid space, worse headache of life, thunderclap
Yes
T/F subarachnoid space inflates and floats brain
T
What is pia mater attached to ?
surface of brain
can pia mater be removed?
no it is the surface of the brain
what mater helps brain hold its shape
pia mater
which mater helps billions of neuraon make up cortex of brain and unable to adhere well
pia mater
T/F dura mater is connected by little fibers by subarachnod membrane
F. pia mater
T/F dural Partitions are double layers sheets of meningeal dura
T
There are several dural partitions within the cranial cavity and they include:
Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli- partitions between cerebellum and inferior portions of occipital bones
T/F dural partions are meningeal layers of dura that go between hemispheres and between cerebral hemispheres of the cerebellum
Superior sagittal sinus goes down the ____
midddle
superior sagittal sinus is where recycling excess ____ occurs
CSF
where does the recycled CSF from superior sagittal sinus go? and then drains into what vein to go into the rest of system?
dural sinus , jugular vein
what does the superior sagittal do in 24 hours describe the process
produces fluid, floats brain, recycles into veins starts over
cavernous sinus is the ___ portion of brain, around sphenoid bone and pituitary
central
what cranial nerves does the cavernous sinus surround and nerves and the bony portion that houses the pituitary
CN 3,4,6, possibly 5
two branches maxillary V2 and ophthalmic V1
sella turcica
T/F cavernous sinus thrombosis ( blood clot can affect vision by squeezing the nerves) infections can spread into brain and affect vision
T
What other vessles pass through the cavernous sinus
carotid vessels
Venous drainage of orbit will drain back into cavernous system; when draining blood from arteries after being used by brain, don’t send it willsend back
F wont send back
T/F can not affect dural sinuses
T
Cavernous sinus helps ___ the brain
cool
What makes the CSF ?
extra ions , glucose help make it weightless , protects it between layers of meninges
What is the fluid that is removed during a Spinal tap from the base of the spinal cord?
CSF
T/F Spinal taps are used only for dx purposes (bacteria, blood, ion imbalances) unless it’s an emergency-type situation
T
What is the reason why a patient must remain laying down 4-6 hours after a spinal tap?
Don’t want to be sitting up because when you take out the fluid, the brain starts to settle and heads through foramen magnum
T/F CSF is produced by choroid plexes (combination of capillaries and glial cells) that take fluid from blood by way of capillaries and leave everything behind but the water, ions, and glucose and resecrete into these spaces surrounding & inside of the brain
True
What is the CSF production rate per day and what is the total volume it holds in spaces?
Production Rate = 500cc/day, produces 3x as much CSF/day than you need, extra is recycled it back into venous system
Total Volume held in spaces = 150cc (0.5 cup)
What happens if the CSF system is blocked and unable to recycle and drain through arachnoid villi? Can occur in adults, kids or infants?
Could build up pressure on brain (hydrocephalus: water on brain). Rare in adults, most coomon in kids and infants (especially in infants)
Why is pressure on brain, hydrocephalus more coomon in kids and infants?
Infants because skull isn’t fused; skull is still soft and enough pressure to make skull out of proportion; can cause blockage of CSF recycling unit
(hydrocephalus means water on the brain)
What is a treatment for a CSF recycling unit blockage?
create a bypass, put shunt in. It is not life threatening if caught soon enough
T/F The Brain is 6 lbs. of soft tissue that has consistency of custard and shakes like jello
False, Brain is 3 lbs. of soft tissue that has consistency of custard and shake like jello
Can the brain feel actual pain?
NO. The tissues of the brain don’t have sensory neurons, therefore the brain cannot feel pain
T/F Headache is pain developed from the brain
F Headaches: pain developed from meninges (specifically the meningeal arteries in the dura), not the brain itself
T/F Traumatic brain inury (TBI): bleeding on brain is not characterized by pain; pressure on brain not actually felt; meninges sometimes don’t even report it immediately
True
Know the layer order
T/F Subdural or Epidural Hematomas are not dangerous because unable to feel it and report the pain
False Subdural or Epidural Hematomas ARE dangerous because unable to feel it and report the pain (most serious type; must recognize the symptoms)
T/F we produce 3 x as much as we need in one day of CSF
T
In hydrocephalus where can blockage occure , what two places?
arachnoid villus (recycling part of CSF)
and choroid plexus (CSF is produced)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: pain is/is not reported
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: pain IS reported because they are painful
How many ventricles are conintuous with the Subarachnoid space?
4
Bleeding puts ______ on brain, only one place for it to go is through foramen ______ squeezing brain stem, which could stop breathing and cause ____.
pressure, magnum, death Treatment was to drill hole in brain to remove blood and decrease pressure (trepanation)
o 10,000 yrs ago: trepanation was done
Cerebral aquaduct connects which ventricles?
3 and 4
T/F pressure on the brain is always felt
F. in your brain you actually cant feel pain, dangerous for injuries because pressure on the brain is not actually felt
During a headache it is the ____ that sends pain signals not the brain itself
meninges
