anatomy

Question 1

Meninges are what?

Answer 1

layers of connect tissue that support and float the brain

Question 2

T/F meninges and ventricles supports the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

T

Question 3

how many layers does meninges have?

Answer 3

3 dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 4

what are the two layers of dura mater

Answer 4

periosteal and meningeal

Question 5

T/F periosteal is against bone, meningeal faces other meninges in brain lies against arachnoid membrane

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T/F dura mater is the inner most layer

Answer 6

f outermost

Question 7

past age ___ brain starts to stick to skull dura becomes attached to skull

Answer 7

60

Question 8

T/F periosteal and meningeal can not separate

Answer 8

F

Question 9

Two meningeal layers can form ____ forming triangular space between duras called dura sinus

Answer 9

falx (double meningeal layer)

Question 10

What does the subarachnoid space do

Answer 10

carries ceribrialspino fluid , wraps all the way around the brain

Question 11

T/F there is subdural space (potential space) between meningeal arteries and end nerves that supply dura

Answer 11

T

Question 12

T/F a symptom of dilated pupil can tell you that you have a epidural hematoma( bleeding between teh space between dura and skull)

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Arachnoid membrane is thinner, transparent, similar to _____

Answer 13

saran wrap

Question 14

the arachnoid membrane lies against what layer?

Answer 14

dura

Question 15

arachnoind membrane is attached to pia by _______ trabeculae

Answer 15

collagen

Question 16

what happens if your arachnoid membrane bleeds into subdural space ? is it serious young or old? is it a slow process?

Answer 16

lower pressure , slower takes longer , not as serious young and old

Question 17

what is the space between arachnoid and pia

Answer 17

subarachnoid space

Question 18

Which space has the cerebrolspinal fluid

Answer 18

subarachnoid space

Question 19

What space has the major blood vessels ?

Answer 19

subarachnoid space

Question 20

T/F subarachnoid space is placed by collagen fibers that look like spiders keep it at a specific distance

Answer 20

T

Question 21

a ruptured aneurysm bleeds into what space, and what are symptoms? can it come from overexertion or motorcycle accident?

Answer 21

subarachnoid space, worse headache of life, thunderclap

Yes

Question 22

T/F subarachnoid space inflates and floats brain

Answer 22

T

Question 23

What is pia mater attached to ?

Answer 23

surface of brain

Question 24

can pia mater be removed?

Answer 24

no it is the surface of the brain

Question 25

what mater helps brain hold its shape

Answer 25

pia mater

Question 26

which mater helps billions of neuraon make up cortex of brain and unable to adhere well

Answer 26

pia mater

Question 27

T/F dura mater is connected by little fibers by subarachnod membrane

Answer 27

F. pia mater

Question 28

T/F dural Partitions are double layers sheets of meningeal dura

Answer 28

T

Question 29

There are several dural partitions within the cranial cavity and they include:

Answer 29

Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli- partitions between cerebellum and inferior portions of occipital bones

Question 30

T/F dural partions are meningeal layers of dura that go between hemispheres and between cerebral hemispheres of the cerebellum

Question 31

Superior sagittal sinus goes down the \_\_\_\_

Answer 31

midddle

Question 32

superior sagittal sinus is where recycling excess ____ occurs

Answer 32

CSF

Question 33

where does the recycled CSF from superior sagittal sinus go? and then drains into what vein to go into the rest of system?

Answer 33

dural sinus , jugular vein

Question 34

what does the superior sagittal do in 24 hours describe the process

Answer 34

produces fluid, floats brain, recycles into veins starts over

Question 35

cavernous sinus is the ___ portion of brain, around sphenoid bone and pituitary

Answer 35

central

Question 36

what cranial nerves does the cavernous sinus surround and nerves and the bony portion that houses the pituitary

Answer 36

CN 3,4,6, possibly 5 two branches maxillary V2 and ophthalmic V1 sella turcica

Question 37

T/F cavernous sinus thrombosis ( blood clot can affect vision by squeezing the nerves) infections can spread into brain and affect vision

Answer 37

T

Question 38

What other vessles pass through the cavernous sinus

Answer 38

carotid vessels

Question 39

 Venous drainage of orbit will drain back into cavernous system; when draining blood from arteries after being used by brain, don’t send it willsend back

Answer 39

F wont send back

Question 40

T/F can not affect dural sinuses

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Cavernous sinus helps ___ the brain

Answer 41

cool

Question 42

What makes the CSF ?

Answer 42

extra ions , glucose help make it weightless , protects it between layers of meninges

Question 43

What is the fluid that is removed during a Spinal tap from the base of the spinal cord?

Answer 43

CSF

Question 44

T/F Spinal taps are used only for dx purposes (bacteria, blood, ion imbalances) unless it’s an emergency-type situation

Answer 44

T

Question 45

What is the reason why a patient must remain laying down 4-6 hours after a spinal tap?

Answer 45

Don’t want to be sitting up because when you take out the fluid, the brain starts to settle and heads through foramen magnum

Question 46

T/F CSF is produced by choroid plexes (combination of capillaries and glial cells) that take fluid from blood by way of capillaries and leave everything behind but the water, ions, and glucose and resecrete into these spaces surrounding & inside of the brain

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What is the CSF production rate per day and what is the total volume it holds in spaces?

Answer 47

Production Rate = 500cc/day, produces 3x as much CSF/day than you need, extra is recycled it back into venous system Total Volume held in spaces = 150cc (0.5 cup)

Question 48

 What happens if the CSF system is blocked and unable to recycle and drain through arachnoid villi? Can occur in adults, kids or infants?

Answer 48

Could build up pressure on brain (hydrocephalus: water on brain). Rare in adults, most coomon in kids and infants (especially in infants)

Question 49

Why is pressure on brain, hydrocephalus more coomon in kids and infants?

Answer 49

Infants because skull isn’t fused; skull is still soft and enough pressure to make skull out of proportion; can cause blockage of CSF recycling unit (hydrocephalus means water on the brain)

Question 50

What is a treatment for a CSF recycling unit blockage?

Answer 50

create a bypass, put shunt in. It is not life threatening if caught soon enough

Question 51

T/F The Brain is 6 lbs. of soft tissue that has consistency of custard and shakes like jello

Answer 51

False, Brain is **3** lbs. of soft tissue that has consistency of custard and shake like jello

Question 52

Can the brain feel actual pain?

Answer 52

NO. The tissues of the brain don’t have sensory neurons, therefore the brain cannot feel pain

Question 53

T/F Headache is pain developed from the brain

Answer 53

F  Headaches: pain developed from meninges (specifically the meningeal arteries in the dura), not the brain itself

Question 54

 T/F Traumatic brain inury (TBI): bleeding on brain is not characterized by pain; pressure on brain not actually felt; meninges sometimes don’t even report it immediately

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Know the layer order

Question 56

T/F Subdural or Epidural Hematomas are not dangerous because unable to feel it and report the pain

Answer 56

False Subdural or Epidural Hematomas ARE dangerous because unable to feel it and report the pain (most serious type; must recognize the symptoms)

Question 57

T/F we produce 3 x as much as we need in one day of CSF

Answer 57

T

Question 58

In hydrocephalus where can blockage occure , what two places?

Answer 58

arachnoid villus (recycling part of CSF) and choroid plexus (CSF is produced)

Question 59

Subarachnoid hemorrhage: pain is/is not reported

Answer 59

Subarachnoid hemorrhage: pain **IS** reported because they are painful

Question 60

How many ventricles are conintuous with the Subarachnoid space?

Answer 60

4

Question 61

Bleeding puts \_\_\_\_\_\_ on brain, only one place for it to go is through foramen \_\_\_\_\_\_ squeezing brain stem, which could stop breathing and cause \_\_\_\_. ## Footnote

Answer 61

pressure, magnum, death Treatment was to drill hole in brain to remove blood and decrease pressure (trepanation) o 10,000 yrs ago: trepanation was done

Question 62

Cerebral aquaduct connects which ventricles?

Answer 62

3 and 4

Question 64

T/F pressure on the brain is always felt

Answer 64

F. in your brain you actually cant feel pain, dangerous for injuries because pressure on the brain is not actually felt

Question 65

During a headache it is the ____ that sends pain signals not the brain itself

Answer 65

meninges