Anatomy Flashcards
Skull foramina contents
Cribriform plate - CN1 (olfactory)
Optic canal - CN2 (optic), ophthalmic artery
Superior orbital fissure - Lacrimal nerve (CN Va) Frontal nerve (CN Va) Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Superior division of the Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Nasociliary nerve (CN Va), Inferior division of the Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Abducens nerve (CN VI) [Lazy french tarts sit nervously in anticipation]
Foramen rotundum - CN Vb (maxillary),
Foramen ovale - CN Vc (mandibular), accessory meningeal artery
Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII (facial), CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Jugular foramen - CN IX ( glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), CN XI (accessory)
Hypoglossal canal - CN XII (hypoglossal)
Branches of external carotid artery
S: superior thyroid artery
A: ascending pharyngeal artery
L: lingual artery
F: facial artery
O: occipital artery
P: posterior auricular artery
M: maxillary artery
S: superficial temporal artery
[Some anatomists like freaking out potential medical students]
Branches of abdominal aorta
Inferior phrenic: Paired T12
Coeliac artery: Unpaired T12
Superior mesenteric artery: Unpaired L1 (lower)
Middle suprarenal arteries: Paired L1
Renal arteries: Paired between L1-2
Gonadal arteries: Paired L2
Inferior mesenteric artery: Unpaired L3
Median sacral artery: Unpaired L4 (posterior)
Lumbar arteries: 4 pairs L1-L4
Hand muscles innervated by median nerve
LOAF
Lateral 2 lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis
Muscles innervated by radial nerve
BEAST
Brachioradialis, Extensors, Aconeus, Supinator, Triceps
Diaphragmatic apertures
Caval opening T8 - IVC, R phrenic N
Oesophageal hiatus T10 - oesophagus, vagus N, oesophageal branch of L gastric
Aortic hiatus T12 - Aorta, thoracic duct
Lumbar plexus branches
2 nerves with 1 contribution, 2 nerves with 2 contributions, 2 nerves with 3
Iliohypogastric - L1
Ilioinguinal - L1
Genitofemoral - L1, L2
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh - L2, L3 Posterior divisions
Obturator - L2- 4 Posterior divisions
Femoral - L2- 4 Anterior divisions
Vessels that contribute to the portal vein
1) Superior mesenteric vein
a) Pancreaticoduodenal vein
b) Gastroepiploic vein
2) Splenic vein
a) Inferior mesenteric vein
Nerve injuries in surgery
Accessory - Posterior triangle lymph node biopsy
Sciatic - Posterior approach to hip
Common peroneal - Legs in Lloyd Davies position
Long thoracic - Axillary node clearance
Pelvic autonomic nerves -Pelvic cancer surgery
Recurrent laryngeal nerves - thyroid surgery
Hypoglossal nerve - carotid endarterectomy
Ulnar and median nerves - upper limb fracture repairs
Borders of femoral triangle
[SAIL]
Lateral border: Sartorius muscle
Medial border: Adductor longus muscle
Base or superior border: Inguinal Ligament
Contents of cavernous sinus
Oculmotor nerve (III), Internal Carotid artery, Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Abducens nerve (VI), Trochlear nerve (IV)
Mnemonic: Oh, COAT
Eponymous Fractures
Bankart lesions - injury of the labrum and associated glenohumeral capsule/ligaments
Barton fractures - distal radius
Bennett fracture - base of the thumb
Colles fractures - distal radius w/ dorsal angulation
Galeazzi fracture - distal radius w/ disruption of the distal radioulnar joint
Monteggia fracture - ulnar shaft with dislocation of the radial head
Smith fractures - distal radius w/ volar angulation
Adrenal arteries
Inferior phrenic artery- several superior suprarenal arteries
Adominal aorta- several middle suprarenal arteries
Renal artery- one inferior suprarenal artery
Hypokalaemia on ECG
U waves
Small or absent T waves
Prolonged PR interval
ST depression
Long QT interval
U have no Pot and no T, but a long PR and a long QT!
Constrictions of the oesophagus
ABCD
A- Arch of the Aorta
B- Left main Bronchus
C- Cricoid Cartilage
D- Diaphragmatic Hiatus
