Anatomy Flashcards
Parts
vulva and include the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, the vaginal vestibule, the clitoris and the greater vestibular glands.
Mons pubis and labia majora
The mons pubis is a fibro-fatty pad covered by hair-bearing skin that covers the bony pubic ramus.
The labia majora are two folds of skin with underlying adipose tissue lying either side of the vaginal opening
Labia minora
labia minora are two thin folds of skin that lie between the labia majora. These vary in size and may protrude beyond the labia major where they are visible, but may also be concealed by the labia majora. Anteriorly, they divide in two to form the prepuce and frenulum of the clitoris (clitoral hood)
Posterior: fourchette
contain sebaceous glands, but have no adipose tissue.
Clitoris
dy of the clitoris is the main part of the visible clitoris and is made up of paired columns of erectile tissue and vascular tissue called the ‘corpora cavernosa’. These become the crura at the bottom of the clitoris and run deeper and laterally. The vestibule is the cleft between the labia minora. It contains openings of the urethra, the Bartholin’s glands and the vagina.
Bartholin glands
Bartholin’s glands are bilateral and about the size of a pea. They open via a 2 cm duct into the vestibule below the hymen and contribute to lubrication during intercourse.
Vagina
fibromuscular canal lined with stratified squamous epithelium that leads from the uterus to the vulva. It is longer in the posterior wall (approximately 9 cm) than in the anterior wall (approximately 7 cm). Theposterior, anterior and two lateral.
The midvagina is a transverse slit while the lower vagina is an H-shape in transverse section. The vaginal walls are lined with transverse folds. The vagina has no glands and is kept moist by secretions from the uterine and cervical glands and by transudation from its epithelial lining
Structure
maximum external dimensions are approximately 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick. An adult uterus weighs approximately
Fallopian tube is termed the ‘cornu’ and that part of the body above the cornu is called the ‘fundus’. The uterus tapers to a small constricted area, the isthmus, and below this is the cervix, which projects obliquely into the vagina.
Anteversion
longitudinal axis of the uterus is approximately at right angles to the vagina and normally tilts forward. This is called ‘anteversion’. In additiuterus is also usually flexed forward on itself at the isthmus – antiflexion. However, in around 20% of women, the uterus is tilted backwards – retroversion and retroflexion. This has no pathological significance in most women, although retroversion that is fixed and immobile may be associated with endometrios
Aging
l diameter ranges from 2.5 cm at the age of 2 years, to 3.5 cm at 10 years. After the onset of puberty, the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus start to increase, leading to a sharper rise in the volume of the uterus. The increase in uterine volume continues well after menarche and the ute
Uterus
uterus is shaped like an inverted pear tapering inferiorly to the cervix and in its non-pregnant state is situated entirely within the pelvis. It is hollow and has thick, muscular walls. Its maximum external dimensions are approximately 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick
The area of insertion of each Fallopian tube is termed the ‘cornu’ and that part of the body above the cornu is called the ‘fundus’
Fallopian tube
Fallopian tube extends outwards from the uterine cornu to end near the ovary. At the abdominal ostium, the tube opens into the peritoneal cavity, which is therefore in communication with the exterior of the body via the uterus and the vagina.
The interstitial portion.
• The isthmus.
• The ampulla.
• The infundibulum or fimbrial portion.
Parts
Size of ovary
1.5 in kids
commencing maturation of the ovarian follicles. In the young adult, they are almond-shaped and measure approximately 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide and 1 cm thick. After the menopause, no active follicles are present and the ovary becomes smaller with a wrinkled surface.
Artery
ovarian artery arises from the aorta just below the renal artery and runs downwards on the surface of the psoas muscle to the pelvic brim, where it crosses in front of the ureter and then passes into the infundibulopelvic fold of the broad ligament. The artery divides into branches that supply the ovary and tube and then run on to reach the uterus, where they anastamose with the terminal branches of the uterine artery.
The internal iliac (hypogastic) artery This vessel is about 4 cm in length and begins at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery in front of the sacroiliac joint. It soon divides into anterior and posterior branches; the branches that supply the pelvic organs are all from the anterior division and are as follows:
uterine artery provides the main blood supply to the uterus. The artery first runs downwards on the lateral wall of the pelvis, in the same direction as the ureter. It then turns inward and forwards lying in the base of the broad ligament. On reaching the wall of the uterus, the artery turns upwards to run tortuously to the upper part of the uterus, where it anastamoses with the ovarian artery. In this part of its course, it sends many branches into the substance of the uterus
The vaginal artery runs at a lower level to supply the vagina.
• The vesical arteries are variable in number and supply the bladder and terminal ureter. One usually runs in the roof of the ureteric canal.
Blood supply of the pelvis and perineum.
• The middle rectal artery often arises in common with the lowest vesical artery.
• The pudendal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the sciatic foramen and, after winding round the ischial spine, enters the ischiorectal fossa where it gives off the inferior rectal artery. It terminates in the perineal and vulval arteries, supplying the erectile tissue of the vestibular bulbs and clitoris.
The pelvic veins
. V enous drainage from the uterine, vaginal and vesical plexus is chiefly into the internal iliac veins.
V enous drainage from the rectal plexus is via the superior rectal veins to the inferior mesenteric veins, and the middle and inferior rectal veins to the internal pudendal veins and so to the iliac veins.
The ovarian veins on each side begin in the pampiniform plexus, which lies between the layers of the broad ligament. At first, there are two veins on each side accompanying the corresponding ovarian artery. Higher up the vein becomes single, with that on the right ending in the inferior vena cava and that on the left in the left renal vein.
