Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 2 Anatomy Etc > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the corneal epithelium?

How many layers?

What are these layers?

A

Stratified, squamous, non keratinised and non secretory

5-7 layers

Basal layer of columnar cells (tightly adhered to the basement membrane)
2-3 layers of interdigitating wing cells
3-4 layers of flattened nucleated squamous cells (squames)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are the superficial layers of the epithelium joined?

Wing cells?

Basal cells

A

Desmosomes- tight junctions

Desmosomes + Gap junctions

Desmosomes + gap junctions + Hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lamina Lucida and the lamina densa?

A

The basement membrane, between the epithelial cells and stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of the cornea does the stroma make up

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What produces the lamellar stroma?

What do they produce?

A

Stromal fibroblasts (keratocytes)

Proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main collagen type of the cornea?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Overproduction of what causes corneal melting?

A

Proteases, inflammatory cells and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What secretes the descemets membrane?

A

Corneal endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many cell layers is the endothelium?

What shaped cells?

How are endothelial cells connected?

A

Single cell layer

Low cuboidal

Tight junctions and gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the process for stromal hydration?

A

Na K ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What provides corneal epithelial nutrition?

A

Tear film
Limbal blood vessels
Aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does stromal healing occur?

A

Once re epithelialisation has occurred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the sphincter muscle in the iris supplied by the sympathetic or parasympathetic NS?

Which nerve?

What does it do to the pupil- constricts/ dilated?

A

Parasympathetic

Oculomotor nerve III

Constricts the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the dilator muscle in the iris supplied by the sympathetic or parasympathetic NS?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

Secreting aqueous
Nourishing the lens
Muscle for accommodation of the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the ciliary body secretes the aqueous humour?

A

Non pigmented epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the lens get its nutrients from?

A

Aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does conventional drainage occur for aqueous?

A

Iridocorneal angle

19
Q

What is ‘unconventional drainage’ for aqueous outflow?

A

Via the uveoscleral outflow

Through the ciliary body and choroid

20
Q

Does IOP increase or decrease with age?

A

Increase

21
Q

What is the vitreous made up of?

A

99% water
Collagen
Hyaluronic acid
Few cells (hyalocytes)

22
Q

What are the 10 layers of the retina?

A
23
Q

What is the retinal pigment epithelium continuous with? LAYER 1

Where are the cells not pigmented?

A

Outer pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

Tapetum lucidum

24
Q

What does the visual cell layer have in the retina? LAYER 2

Function of these cells?

A

PHOTORECEPTORS
Light sensitive cells;
Rods (95%)
Cones (5%) - in the area centralis lateral to the optic disc

Rods - function in dim/ reduced light, detection of shapes/ motion

Cones - function in bright light, sharp visual acuity and colour sensation

Photopigment produce chemical energy when exposed to light, converted in to electrical energy.

25
Q

What is in the outer nuclear layer of the retina? LAYER 4

A

Photoreceptor cell bodies and nuclei

26
Q

What is in the outer plexiform layer of the retina? LAYER 5

A

Branching terminals of the rod and come cell axons

27
Q

What is in the inner nuclear layer in the retina? LAYER 6

A

Cell bodies of the horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells and Muller cells

28
Q

What is in the inner plexiform layer in the retina? LAYER 7

A

Cell processes of inner nuclear layer synapse with ganglion cells

29
Q

What cells are in the nerve fibre layer in the retina? LAYER 9

A

Ganglion cells (unmyelinated)

30
Q

Which layers do the retinal vessels lie?

A

Nerve fibre layer 9
Ganglion cell layer 8
Inner plexiform layer 7

31
Q

What is a holangiotic fundus?

Species?

A

Retina is nourished by arteries and veins on its surface

Cats and dogs

32
Q

What is an anangiotic fundus?

Species?

A

Vasculature is restricted to the pecten

Avian

33
Q

What is a merangiotic fundus?

Species?

A

Horizontal band of vessels (medially a laterally)

Rabbit

34
Q

Are photoreceptors in a depolarised state in light or dark?

A

Dark

35
Q

Are photoreceptors in a hyperpolarised state in light or dark?

A

Light

36
Q

Which dogs can have an absence of a tapetum?

A

Merle collies

37
Q

In dogs, long coat length correlates with what type of transition between the tapetum and non tapetum?
Gradual or abrupt?

A

Gradual

38
Q

In dogs, short coat length correlates with what type of transition between the tapetum and non tapetum?
Gradual or abrupt?

A

Abrupt

39
Q

Is the optic disc in the dog myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

40
Q

Is the optic disc in the cat myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Unmyelinated

41
Q

What is a, b and c in an ERG?

A

A wave photoreceptors
B wave layers of the retina
C wave RPE

42
Q

Is an ERG a cone or rod dominated response?

A

Rod

43
Q

Which organ is an essential component of ACAID? (Anterior chamber associated immune deviation)

A

Spleen

44
Q

What is the only lymphatic drainage of the eye?

A

Conjunctiva associated lymphoid tissue

Module 2 Anatomy Etc (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions