anatomy

Question 1

nuclei in the midbrain (mesencephalon)

Answer 1

midbrain of the brainstem has the nuclei of

• CN III (oculomotor) and CN IV (trochlear),
• rostral and caudal colliculi-> visual and auditory reflexes and relay information to the cerebellum.
• centers for pupillary light reflexes
  
  • parasympathetic motor nucleus of CN III
  • motor to extraocular muscles (oculomotor nuclei of CN III)
• upper motor neurons (UMNs) pathway for the sympathetic innervations.
• centers (red nucleus) for motor control of gait

Question 2

which cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem?

Answer 2

The first two nerves originate in the cerebrum, and

the remaining 10 cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem:

which has three parts:

• the midbrain
• pons
• medulla.

Question 3

pons contains which nuclei?

Answer 3

• Sensory and motor nuclei of the cranial nerves
  
  • V,
  • VI,
  • VII, and
  • VIII
• Nuclei that aid in controlling respiration
  
  • the apneustic center and the
  • pneumotaxic center

Question 4

diencephalon contains

Answer 4

epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus.

optic chiasm!!!

Question 5

medulla oblongata contains which nuclei

Answer 5

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX),

vagus nerve (CN X),

accessory nerve (CN XI), and the

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 6

which parts of the brain host which cranial nerve nuclei?

Answer 6

• Cerebellum: 1,2
• Dienceph: chiasm
• Mes: 3,4
• pons: 5-8
• Medulla: 9-12

Question 7

sympathetic ganglions are in

Answer 7

within the spinal cord thoracolumbar

and paravertebral ganglions thoracolumbar

Question 8

Acetylcholin effects

Answer 8

• nicotinergic receptors in the neuromuscular junction near muscle
• autonmous nervous system: ALL PRE GANGLIONCIC FIBERS release ACh
  
  • nicotinergic rec in the GANGLION of sympathetic NS next to spinal cord
  • nicotinergic rec in the GANGLION of parasympathetic in receptor organs
• muscarinic receptors in postganglionic nerve fibers in the effector organ