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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (7) Extra Materials > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

Practice the Anatomy of the Human Body

1
Q

Define:

Anatomy

A

The study of an organism’s structure and make-up.

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2
Q

Define:

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of the body.

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3
Q

Define:

homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain a normal state of balance.

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4
Q

Describe an anatomic position.

A
  • The patient is facing you.
  • The arms are at the side of the body.
  • The palms of the hands are facing forward.
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5
Q

Describe the three main anatomical planes and how each plane divides the body.

  1. Coronal plane
  2. Transverse plane
  3. Sagittal plane
A
  1. Coronal: sliced into front and back sections.
  2. Transverse: sliced into top and bottom sections.
  3. Saggital: sliced into right and left sections.
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6
Q

When using the anatomical position as a reference, how do you correctly identify the left and right areas of the body?

A

Utilize the patient’s left and right.

From the perspective of the person in the anatomical position, not the observer.

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7
Q

Define:

superior

A

The portion closest to the head.

E.g. “The chest is superior to the abdomen”.

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8
Q

Define:

inferior

A

The portion furthest away from the head.

E.g. “The knee is inferior to the abdomen”

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9
Q

Define:

lateral

A

The portion furthest away from the midline.

E.g. “The hand is lateral to the shoulder”.

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10
Q

Define:

medial

A

The portion closest to the midline.

E.g. “The shoulder is medial to the forearm”

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11
Q

Define:

proximal and distal

A
  • proximal: describes structures closer to the trunk.
  • distal: describes structures farther from the trunk.

E.g. “The patella is proximal to the tibia, however, is distal from the femur”

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12
Q

Define:

superficial

A

on the skin

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13
Q

Define:

anterior and posterior

A
  • anterior: front side of the body.
  • posterior: back side of the body.
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14
Q

Define:

palmar and plantar

A
  • palmar: palm of the hand.
  • plantar: bottom of the foot.
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15
Q

Define:

flexion and extension

A
  • flexion: brings the body part closer to the core.
  • extension: brings the body part further from the core.
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16
Q

Define:

abduction and adduction

A
  • abduction: moves away (Aliens abduct).
  • adduction: moves toward.
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17
Q

Define:

bilateral

A

Body parts that appear on both sides of the body.

E.g. knees, eyes, ears, and hands

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18
Q

What are the abdominal quadrants?

A
  • RUQ
  • LUQ
  • RLQ
  • LLQ
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19
Q

What abdominal organs are in the RUQ?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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20
Q

What abdominal organs are in the LUQ?

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • small intestine
  • large intestine

Some parts of the liver.

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21
Q

What abdominal organs are in the RLQ?

A

appendix, small intestine, and large intestine

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22
Q

What abdominal organs are in the LLQ?

A

large intestine and small intestine

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23
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Molecules that provide energy for the body.

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24
Q

What are lipids?

A

fats

Fats, phospholipids, steroids are not soluble in water.

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25
Q

What are proteins?

A

Help with the function of structures, energy, defense, and hormone production.

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26
Q

Define:

axillary

A

armpit

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27
Q

Define:

brachial

A

upper arm

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28
Q

Define:

bucchal

A

cheek

29
Q

Define:

cardiac

A

heart

30
Q

Define:

cervical

A

neck

31
Q

Define:

cranial

A

head

32
Q

Define:

cutaneous

A

skin

33
Q

Define:

deltoid

A

shoulder

34
Q

Define:

femoral

A

thigh

35
Q

Define:

gastric

A

stomach

36
Q

Define:

hepatic

A

liver

37
Q

Define:

inguinal

A

groin

38
Q

Define:

lumbar

A

lower back

39
Q

Define:

mammary

A

breast

40
Q

Define:

nasal

A

nose

41
Q

Define:

occipital

A

inferior-posterior head

42
Q

Define:

orbital

A

eye

43
Q

Define:

parietal

A

superior-posterior head

44
Q

Define:

patellar

A

knee

45
Q

Define:

pectoral

A

chest

46
Q

Define:

perineal

A

perineum

47
Q

Define:

plantar

A

sole of foot

48
Q

Define:

popliteal

A

posterior knee

49
Q

Define:

temporal

A

temples of skull

50
Q

Define:

sacral

A

most inferior of spine

51
Q

Define:

volar

A

Sole of the foot or palm of the hand.

52
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Skeletal: voluntary muscle
  • Cardiac: striated involuntary muscle
  • Smooth: non-striated involuntary muscle
53
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

Conduct electrical impulses throughout the body.

54
Q

What are the cells within nervous tissue?

A

neurons

55
Q

What are the four types of membranes?

A
  1. Serous Membrane: line cavities that have no openings (chest, abdomen).
  2. Mucous Membrane: line cavities that open to the environment (mouth, nose).
  3. Cutaneous Membrane: the skin
  4. Synovial Membrane: lining within synovial joints.
56
Q

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

A
  • tendons: connect muscle to bone
  • ligaments: connect bone to bone
57
Q

In which cavity is bone marrow located?

A

Medullary cavity

58
Q

Define:

joint

A

Where two long bones come into contact.

59
Q

What are bone-forming cells called?

A

Osteoblasts

Once the cells are fully formed, they are called osteocytes.

60
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Tissue that lubricates the end of bones.

61
Q

What are the components of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • axial skeleton: arms and legs
  • appendicular skeleton: skull, face, thorax, pelvis, and spine
62
Q

What is the opening at the base of the skull?

A

foramen magnum

63
Q

Which bone in the nose has numerous openings for the passage of the olfactory nerve?

A

cribriform plate

64
Q

Differentiate mandible and maxilla.

A
  • mandible: bottom jaw
  • maxilla: upper jaw

Remember: “Max” is on TOP.

65
Q

What are the sections of the spinal column?

A
  • Cervical 7
  • Thoracic 12
  • Lumbar 5
  • Sacral 5
  • Coccyx 4

Total of 33 bones

Mnemonic to remember:

You eat Cereal at 7

You eat Tacos at 12

You eat Lasagna at 5

You eat Sugar Cookies at 9 (5/4)

66
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A
  • manubrium
  • sternum
  • xiphoid process

Connecting ribs.

67
Q

Which tissues make up the upper airway?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • pharynx
  • mouth
  • epiglottis
68
Q

Which tissues make up the lower airway?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli

EMT-P (7) Extra Materials (5 decks)

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