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Anatomy > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

What nerve is most damaged w Primary THA?

A

Peroneal division of sciatic, more lateral.

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1
Q

What vessel sits below quadratus femoris?

A

Medial femoral circumflex artery ascending branch (posterosuperior and posteroinferior retinacular) lateral epiphyseal branch most important This is most at risk with posterior approach to acetabulum

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2
Q

What is the only muscle supplied by peroneal division above fibular head?

A

Short head of biceps femoris

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3
Q

What is POPS IQ?

A

Lateral to medial nerves exiting below piriformis

Pudendal

Nerve to obturator internus

Posterior femoral cutaneous

Sciatic

Inferior gluteal nerve

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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4
Q

What nerve is at risk during percutaneous iliosacral screw placement?

A

L5 nerve root

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5
Q

Which two nerves leave the greater and return via the lesser sciatic notch?

A

Pudendal, nerve to obturator internus

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6
Q

Femoral triangle borders? Contents?

A
  • Sartorius (lat)
  • pectineus (med)
  • inguinal ligament (sup)
  • Floor is the iliacus, psoas, pectineus, adductor longus
  • Contents: Fem nerve, art, vein, lymphatics
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7
Q

What spine condition manifests as hip pain? Why?

A

Potts disease - tuberculosis spondylitis

Illiopsoas comes off the lumbar spine

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8
Q

Obturator nerve splits into anterior and posterior divisions. What do they supply? When can they be injured by a retractor?

A

Ant - obturator externus, pectineus, adductor longus, brevis, gracilis, sensation to medial thigh Post - obturator externus, adductor brevis, upper part of adductor Magnus Retractor placed behind TAL

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9
Q

Aorta divides into common iliac arteries at what lumbar vertebrae?

A

L4

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10
Q

Internal Iliac branches? What one is at risk w anterior inferior acetabular screw insertion?

A

(I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underwear)

I: iliolumbar artery
L: lateral sacral artery
G: gluteal (superior and inferior) arteries
P: (internal) pudendal artery
I: inferior vesicle (uterine in females) artery
M: middle rectal artery
V: vaginal artery
O: obturator artery
U: umbilical artery

At risk in antero-inferior screw placement: Obturator nerve, artery, vein

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11
Q

What’s the corona mortis?

A

Anastomosis of inferior epigastric branch of external iliac and obturator vessels n obturator canal

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12
Q

External iliac continues as femoral artery. What quadrant of screws puts it at risk?

A

Anterior superior

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13
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis is made up of?

A

Ascending branch of first perforating, descending branch of inferior gluteal artery, transverse branch of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral Lies at inferior border of quadratus femoris

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14
Q

Quadrangular space borders?

A

Medial: long head of triceps Lateral: humeral shaft Superior: teres minor Inferior: teres major

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15
Q

Quadrangular space contents:

A

Axillary nerve Posterior humeral circumflex

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16
Q

Triangular space borders?

A

Inferior: teres major Lateral: long head of triceps Superior: lower border of teres minor

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17
Q

Triangular space content?

A

Scapular circumflex artery

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18
Q

Triangular interval borders?

A

Superior: teres major Lateral: lateral head of triceps or humerus Medial: long head of triceps

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19
Q

Triangular interval contents?

A

Profunda brachii artery, radial nerve

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20
Q

Posterior lateral corner of knee structures?

A

APPPLL Arcuate ligament, Popliteus, Posterolateral capsule, LCL, Popliteofibular ligament, Lateral head of gastrocnemius

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21
Q

Name the 3 primary and secondary stabilizers of the elbow.

A

Primary: 1. Ulnohumeral joint 2. MCL 3. LCL Secondary: 1. Radial head 2. Joint capsule 3. The common flexor and extensor origins

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22
Q

Median Nerve sites of compression?

A

Supracondylar process and ligament of struthers

Lacertus Fibrosis

Pronator teres: Pronator Syndrome

Subliminus Bridge

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23
Q

AIN sites of compression?

A

Pronator teres FDS ABerrrant vesels Accessory muscles: Gantzer’s accessory FPL muscle

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24
Q

What is the Martin-Gruber Anastomosis?

A

Axons leaving median nerve or ain to join ulnar nerve

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25
Q

Ulnar nerve compression sites? 10!

A

Ligament of struthers (edit: I don’t think this is one - median nerve?) Medial intermuscular septum Arcade of struthers Hypertrophied medial triceps muscle Cubital tunnel Arcuate ligament of Osborne Two heads of FCU Anconeus epitrochlearis Ligament of Spinner (aponeurosis between FDS and FCU) Deep flexor pronator aponeurosis

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26
Q

What is the interval deep and superficial for the Volar henry approach?

A

Superficial - BR (radial) and PT (median) - Proximally - BR (radial) and FCR (median) - Distally Deep - Supinator, FDS, FDP, Pronator Quadratus Danges - PIN, Superficial radial nerve, Radial A

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27
Q

What is the internervous plane of the Thomson approach?

A

Extension of Kaplan - posterior approach Between ECRB (radial nerve) and EDC (PIN)

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28
Q

Name 5 ligamentous components of the ankle syndesmosis.

A

AIFTL, PITFL, IOL, IOM, Inferior transverse ligament - distal part of PITFL

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29
Q

Which accessory bone is located posterior to the talus? Which tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is this associated with?

A

Os trigonum - lateral tubercle

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30
Q

What is the knot of henry?

A

FDL and FHL cross

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31
Q

How many compartments are in the foot?

A

9

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32
Q

Which tendon passes immediately deep to sustentaculum tali?

A

FHL

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33
Q

From which nerve does Baxter’s nerve originate?

A

First branch of the lateral plantar nerve

34
Q

Name the interval for the posterolateral approach to the ankle?

A

Peroneal and FHL

35
Q

Which structure does the sural nerve run with? Which side?

A

Short saphenous is lateral

36
Q

Which two structures combine to form the sural nerve?

A

Medial and lateral sural nerve

37
Q

Which spine pedicle has the smallest pedicle?

A

T4

38
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz: what side, what levels?

A

Left T8-10

39
Q

Which facet is anterior in the spine?

A

Superior facet of the caudal vertebrae

40
Q

What is the main motor pathway in the spine?

A

Lateral corticospinal

41
Q

Occiput is thickest in what location?

A

At level of nuchal line, approximately 2cm in either direction

42
Q

Three fascial levels of the Smith Robinson approach?

A

1) Deep cervical fascia 2) Pretracheal fascia 3) Prevertebral fascia

43
Q

Cutoff for Jefferson fracture?

A

6.9mm

44
Q

Cutoff for PADI? (what does it stand for)

A

Posterior atlanto-dens interval and space available for cord describe the same thing.

45
Q

What are the contents of Adductors/Hunter canal?

A

Femoral artery and vein, branches of femoral nerve (saphenous and nerve to vastus medialis)

46
Q

What is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

Inferior gluteal artery, lateral and medial circumflex artery and first perforating branch of profunda femoris

47
Q

What bands of ACL and PCL are tight in flexion?

A

Anterior bands (PCL - AL, ACL - AM)

48
Q

Where does the MPFL insert on the patella?

A

Superior medial

49
Q

In an isolated posterolateral corner injury the most accurate test is _____ and the major finding is _____.

A

Dial Test, greater than 15 degrees increase of external rotation at 30 degrees flexion

50
Q

What is the interval for the posterior approach of the shoulder?

A

Infraspinatus (suprascapular) and Teres Minor (axillary)

51
Q

What are the 4 preclavicular branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Dorsal scapular, long thoracic, suprascapular, nerve to subclavius

52
Q

What is the innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous, Radial

53
Q

What is the innervation of Trapezius?

A

Accessory Nerve (XI)

54
Q

Describe the rotator interval

A

Triangular portion of capsule between supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons, reinforced by SGHL and CHL

55
Q

5 attaches to the coracoid?

A

Conoid, trapezoid, coracobrachilis, short head of biceps, pectoralis minor

56
Q

What is the primary static restraint against anteroinferior dislocation of GH join in 90 degrees abduction and external rotation?

A

AIGHL

57
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM, Trapezius, Clavicle

58
Q

Medial winging of the scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior)

59
Q

Snuff box: borders, contents?

A

Palmar APL, and EPB. Dorsal EPL. Contains fat, radial artery, wrist capsule, sensory branch of radial nerve)

60
Q

What dorsal compartment does the the articular branch of PIN lie within?

A

4th dorsal compartment

61
Q

Extensor Compartments, Contents and Pathology.

A
  1. APL, EPB - DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis 2. ECRL, ECRB - Intersection Syndrome 3. EPL - Drummer’s wrist, Traumatic rupture with distal radius fracture 4. EIP, EDC (PIN) Extensor Tenosynovitis 5. EDM - Vaughn - Jackson Syndrome 6. ECU - Snapping ECU
62
Q

Superficial branch of radial nerve - what inflammatory condition affects this nerve?

A

Radial neuritis (Wartenberg’s syndrome) - tight watch - compression between BR and ECRL

63
Q

What is the TFCC complex made of?

A

Articular disc Dorsal and Volar radioulnar liagements (both sup. and deep) Meniscus homolog (Disc-carpal ligaments) Ulnar collateral ligament Sheath of ECU

64
Q

DRUJ Stabilizers 4 extrinsic, 4 intrinsic

A

Extrinsic 1. ECU Tendon 2. ECU subsheath 3. Pronator Quadratus 4. IOM Intrinsic 1. Bony Contact 2. Superficial radioulnar ligament 3. Deep Radioulnar ligaments - AKA Ligamentum subcruentum - Most important for providing rotation/translation guidance

65
Q

Scapholunate ligament - has 3 components and what is the ligament of testut?

A

Dorsal (strongest), Palmar, Proximal Ligament of Testut - Radioscapholunate ligament - is actually a NV bundle, no contribution to carpal stability

66
Q

Volar Palmar Ligaments of the carpus. Extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic 1. RSC 2. Long radiolunate 3. Short Radiolunate 4. RSL 5. UL 6. UT

67
Q

Carpus ligaments dorsal extrinsic?

A

DRC, DIC Doral radiotriquetral Scapholunate interosseous liagment (Resists DISI) Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (Resists VISI)

68
Q

Radial artery - which arch? Therefore Ulnar is?

A

Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch

69
Q

What makes up the extensor hood?

A

EDC tendons DI and PI tendon Lumbricals Central Tendon Oblique Retinacular ligaments Sagittal bands

70
Q

Swan neck?

A

Hyper extension at PIP Mallet finger can cause this Stretching of transverse retinacular ligament Dorsal subluxation of lateral bands, increase force through PIP

71
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A

Hyperflexion at PIP -Central slip rupture, hyper extension of DIP -Volar subluxation of lateral band - PIP hyper flexion - Triangular ligament rupture subluxation of lateral bands - hyperflexion of PIP and increased force through DIP

72
Q

What is the last muscle innervated by the median nerve?

A

APB is last muscle innervated

73
Q

Ulnar nerve what is last muscle innervated?

A

2nd MCP abduction, 1st dorsal interosseous is last muscle innervated

74
Q

Wartenberg’s sign

A

D5 abduction upon extension Both ADM and EDQ insert on abductor tubercle on prox phalanx. Usually their function is counterreacted by 3rd palmer interosseous muscle

75
Q

Froment’s Sign

A

Unable to work adductor policis so use AIN to assist in holding the object between 1st and 2nd digits

76
Q

Parona’s space?

A

in forearm Between FDL/FPL and PQ

77
Q

3 potential spaces in the hand

A

Midpalmer space Thenar space Hypothenar space

78
Q

3 nerves emerge lateral to psoas:

A
  1. Illiohypogastric nerve 2. Ilioinguinal nerve 3. LFCN
79
Q

2 nerves emerge medial to psoas

A
  1. Obturator nerve 2. Lumbosacral trunk
80
Q

Nerve emerging between psoas and iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

81
Q

Nerve piercing and then lying anterior to psoas:

A

Genitofemoral nerve

82
Q

list all the muscles with dual innervation and name the two nerves for each

A

brachialis (radial, MSC)

flexor pollicis brevis (ulnar, median)

pec major (lateral and medial pectoral)

adductor magnus (obturator, sciatric)

lumbricals of the hand (median, ulnar)

flexor digitorum profundus (AIN, ulnar)

pectineus (femoral, rarely also obturator)

Anatomy (13 decks)

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