Anatomy Flashcards
What is the difference between the Oral Vestibule and Oral Cavity Proper?
OV: Space between Lips and Teeth
OC: Space inside Teeth and Gums
What bones make up the hard palate in the mouth?
The palatine processes of the maxillae
&
The horizontal processes of the palatine bones
What is the Eustachian Tube?
The Eustachian tube is a small passageway that connects your throat to your middle ear. When you sneeze, swallow, or yawn, your Tensor veli muscles cause your Eustachian tubes open, helping to equalise air pressure
What are the five muscles that make up the soft palate?
Levator Veli: Elevates soft palate during yawning and swallowing
Tensor Veli: Tenses soft palate during yawning and swallowing
Palatopharyngeal
Palatoglossal
Uvulae muscles
What bones do the genioglossus, the geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles attach to on the floor of the oral cavity?
The mandible and the hyoid bone
What are the four lateral muscles of the cheeks?
(Superior constrictor muscle)
What is the function of saliva and what are the 3 types of glands that supply it in the oral cavity?
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Saliva keeps mucous membranes moist, lubricates the oral cavity, initiates the breakdown of starch and prevents teeth decay.
Which nerves travel through the parotid gland without innervating it? And where does the parotid duct come out in the mouth?
Discuss the innervation of the tongue, it’s connection to the embryonic development of the thyroid, and the landmark that divides it along its dorsal (top) surface.
There are three parts of the tongue:
The Apex
The Body
The Root
Which nerves innervate each part of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx: Maxillary Nerve (CNV2)
Oropharynx: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)
Laryngopharynx: Vagus Nerve (CNX)
What are the four types of tonsils and where can they be located?
Pharyngeal tonsils: Nasopharynx, next to your adenoids
Tubal tonsils: Nasopharynx, beneath the mucosa of the eustachian tube
Palatine tonsils: Oropharynx, between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
Lingual tonsils: On pharyngeal part of tongue
Summarise the muscle, innervation, lymphatic drainage, and bloody supply to the laryngopharynx
Muscles: Superior, Middle and Inferior constrictor muscles to contract and push food down
Innervation: Vagus Nerve
Lymph Vessels drain into deep cervical nodes: Infrahyoid nodes (below hyoid bone) Retropharyngeal (posterior to pharynx) Paratracheal nodes (anterior to trachea)
Blood supply: (see picture)
Describe the journey of the oesophagus, including anatomical landmarks.
Begins at pharyngeoesophageal junction (C6)
Travels down the posterior mediastinum, behind the aortic arch and the left main bronchus, both of which can cause partial constriction
Pierces the diaphragm at the crura at T10
Finishes into the cardiac orifice of the stomach (T11)
Sphincters: thickening of muscle at the pharyngeoesophageal junction, and at the cardiac orifice.
Summarise the innervation, lymphatic drainage, and bloody supply to the oesophagus
Blood Supply:
Upper 1/3 = Inferior Thyroid Artery (branches off of thyrocervical trunk)
Middle 1/3 = Thoracic Aorta
Lower 1/3 = Left Gastric Artery
Lymph Drainage: Bi-directional, upwards to deep cervical nodes, downwards to juxta-osophageal nodes
Nerves: See image
What are the four parts of the stomach?
- The cardia
- The fundus
- The body
- The pylorus
What are some features of the different parts of the stomach?
The pylorus enters into the duodenum of the small intestine
The fundus can act as a reservoir for food when stomach is being distended by food
Give an overview of the cardiac orifice, and the features of the pylorus including sphincters/openings/orifices
Describe the organs and blood supply in each of the Foregut, the Midgut, and the Hindgut
Describe the blood vessel supply of the stomach
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach
NB: The Left Vagus nerve runs down the anterior or the oesophagus and the stomach
The Right Vagus nerve = The posterior etc.
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the stomach
