Anatomy Flashcards
(219 cards)
What is the upper respiratory system made of?
Nose Nasal cavities Paranasal sinuses Pharynx - naso, oral, laryngo Larynx
What is the functions of the nose and nasal cavities?
- Olfaction: olfactory receptors in mucosa of upper 1/3 medial and lateral nasal walls
- Airways for respiration
- Filter inspired air
- Warm and moisten inspired air
- Resonance chambers for speech
- Reception of secretions from the nasal cavities and nasolacrimal ducts
Describe what the external nose is composed of.
Nasal bone
Nasal cartilages - septal, greater and lesser alar cartilage
Fibrous fatty tissue
What cartilage makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Septal cartilage
What makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavitiy?
Septal cartilage
Vomer
Ethmoid bone
What makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bone
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)
Sphenoid bone
What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Maxilla and palatine bone
What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Maxilla Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone (superior and middle nasal concha) Inferior nasal concha - separate bone Palatine bone
What is the function of the upper 1/3rd of the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavities?
Olfaction
Describe the pathway of olfactory exons.
Olfactory receptor axons pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to connect with the olfactory bulb situated on the upper surface of the cribriform plate.
Which part of the nasal cavity is responsible for respiratory functions?
Lower 2/3rd medial and lateral walls
What type of epithelium is the respiratory part of the nasal cavity and what are its functions?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Goblet cells = mucus secretion
Cilia beat to move the mucus towards the nasopharynx
Mucus picks up particulate matter and moistens the air
What warms the inhaled air?
Nasal blood temperature
What are nasal concha?
Projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
What are nasal concha covered by?
Respiratory type mucosa
What are the differences between the superior/middle nasal concha and inferior concha?
Superior/middle nasal concha are part of the ethmoid bone
Inferior nasal concha is a separate bone
What are nasal meatuses?
Air passages below the concha.
Where is the superior nasal meatus located?
Superior to middle nasal concha
Where is the middle nasal meatus located?
Inferior to middle nasal concha, but superior to the inferior nasal concha
Where is the inferior nasal meatus located?
Inferior to the inferior nasal concha
What is the space called superior/above the superior nasal concha or superior to the nasal meatus?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Name the paranasal sinuses.
Frontal sinuses
Sphenoidal sinuses
Ethmoidal sinuses/ethmoidal cells - anterior, middle, posterior
Maxillary sinuses (largest)
What lines the paranasal sinuses?
Respiratory type mucosa
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Decrease the weight of the bones
Resonance chambers for speech/voice production