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YTT 2021 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diastasis Recti?

A

Abdominal separation in pregnancy

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2
Q

Which muscle is NOT a primary external hip rotator?

A

Gluteus Medius

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3
Q

The Iliopsoas needs what to support the lumbar spine?

A

The antagonistic support of the abdominals

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4
Q

True of False - The Gluteus Maximus contracts in backbends?

A

True

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5
Q

What happens to the scapula when you reach your arms overhead?

A

They upwardly rotate / elevate

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6
Q

What are the movements of the hip (7)?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, circumduction

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7
Q

Which muscles stabilise the scapula?

A

Serratus Anterior & Rhomboids

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8
Q

What are the 3 bones of the shoulder complex?

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus

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9
Q

What is the primary movement of the Rhomboids?

A

Scapular Retraction

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10
Q

What is the primary movement of the Serratus Anterio?

A

Scapular Protraction (cat pose)

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11
Q

What 4 roles do the muscles play?

A

Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, Stabiliser

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12
Q

How would you describe the Agonist (muscle)

A

Prime mover - muscle or group of muscles responsible for an action

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13
Q

How would you describe Antagonist (muscle)

A

Opposite Prime mover - protects joint

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14
Q

How would you describe Synergist (muscle)

A

Assists Prime Mover

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15
Q

How would you describe Stabiliser (muscle)

A

Work together in opposition to secure bone in place

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16
Q

The spinal column is composed of what?

A

24 individual vertebra

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17
Q

Describe the Vertebra

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 modified fused sacrum, 3-4 modified fused tailbone

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18
Q

What is C1 and C2 known as?

A

C1 Atlas (bony ring with no body) / C2 Axis

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19
Q

What are the Facet Joints (spine)?

A

The bony knobs that meet between each vertebra that link vertebra together and give them flexibility to move against each other - there are 2 facet joints between each vertebra = flexibility and stability

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20
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the spine?

A

Erector Spinae - base of skull to sacrum, spinal extensors / Quadratus Lumborum - lower back lumbar spine / Multifidus - Cervical to Lumbar spine

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21
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the spine?

A

Scalenes - top 2 ribs to cervical vertebra & Sternocleidomastoid - from central collar bone to base of ear - largest superficial cervical muscle

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22
Q

List the Abdominal muscles from deepest to most superficial

A

Transverse Abs, Internal Obliques, External Obliques, Rectus Abs

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23
Q

What are the 3 pillars of the spine?

A

Erectus spinae (posterior), QL muscle (lateral) and Iliopsoas (anterior)

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24
Q

Which muscle sits inferior to the spine on the scapula?

A

Infraspinatus

25
Q

Which muscle is responsible for knitting / drawing front ribs back?

A

Upper Rectus Abdominus

26
Q

What are the 4 natural curves of the spine (viewed from side on)?

A

Cervical spine lordosis (concave) / Thoracic kyphosis (convex) / Lumar lordosis / Sacral Kyphosis

27
Q

In order to stabilise the shoulder you must stabilise what?

A

Scapula and Humeral Head

28
Q

What is the Core?

A

All muscles from pelvic floor to diaphragm

29
Q

What are our main postural muscles?

A

Erector Spinae muscles

30
Q

What muscle am I palpating if I press just inferior to the Iliac Crest?

A

Gluteus Medius

31
Q

Which muscle supports the lumbar spine and can be active throughout practice?

A

Transverse Abs

32
Q

What is the primary function of the rotator cuff?

A

Stabilise the humeral head

33
Q

Which type of poses will best stretch the QL (quadratus lumborum)?

A

Side bends

34
Q

What is the deepest abdominal muscle?

A

Transverse Abdominis

35
Q

The spine has how many vertebra?

A

24

36
Q

The shoulder and hip joint are what sort of joint?

A

Ball and Socket

37
Q

Pelvis tipped forward is also known as?

A

Sway back, lordosis

38
Q

Name the opposites of Medial, Proximal, Anterior, Superior and Superficial in anatomy terminology

A

Lateral, Distal, Posterior, Inferior, Deep

39
Q

Human movement involves the interaction of which three systems?

A

BONES - linked together at JOINTS, move by contraction of MUSCLES which cross the joint and cause movement by pulling on bones

40
Q

What are the 2 skeletons?

A

Axial (mainframe - skull, ribcage, sternum, vertebral column) and Appendicular - everything hanging off mainframe - all other bones

41
Q

What is Fascia?

A

Each part of the body is connected to every other part by Fascia - one continuous structure of connective tissue

42
Q

What are the 3 joint structures?

A

Fibrous (skull), Cartilaginous (Ribs) and Synovial (everything else - move freely)

43
Q

True of False - Ligaments attach bone to bone

A

TRUE

44
Q

True or False - Tendons attache muscle to bone?

A

TRUE

45
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

A

Eccentric (lengthen, shorten), Concentric (against gravity, eg bicep curl), Isometric (static, hold)

46
Q

Which is the only muscle that connects the spine to the leg?

A

IlioPsoas (iliacus and psoas)

47
Q

Which muscles perform hip extension?

A

Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus)

48
Q

Name the nerve that runs down the centre of the body?

A

Vagus

49
Q

The Acromium process is part of what bone?

A

Scapula - attach to collar bone

50
Q

What are the movements of the hip (7)?

A

Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction

51
Q

What are the movements of the cervical spine?

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

52
Q

What are the movements of the lumbar spine?

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation (limited by direction of facet joints- only 5 degrees of movement

53
Q

What is the action of the diaphragm?

A

Inhale - contracts and Exhale - expands, releases, abdomen draws in, ribs draw down, pelvic floor lifts)

54
Q

What shape is the diaghragm?

A

Dome shaped

55
Q

The main function of the deep shoulder muscle layer is what?

A

To create stability

56
Q

Tension is which muscle will inhibit the function of the diaphragm the most?

A

Rectus Abdominus

57
Q

What is the Rectus Abdominus known as?

A

The six pack (eight pack)

58
Q

Which muscle is the primary stabiliser of the pelvis when standing on one leg?

A

Gluteus medius

YTT 2021 (1 decks)

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