Anatomy Flashcards
What is Diastasis Recti?
Abdominal separation in pregnancy
Which muscle is NOT a primary external hip rotator?
Gluteus Medius
The Iliopsoas needs what to support the lumbar spine?
The antagonistic support of the abdominals
True of False - The Gluteus Maximus contracts in backbends?
True
What happens to the scapula when you reach your arms overhead?
They upwardly rotate / elevate
What are the movements of the hip (7)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, circumduction
Which muscles stabilise the scapula?
Serratus Anterior & Rhomboids
What are the 3 bones of the shoulder complex?
Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus
What is the primary movement of the Rhomboids?
Scapular Retraction
What is the primary movement of the Serratus Anterio?
Scapular Protraction (cat pose)
What 4 roles do the muscles play?
Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, Stabiliser
How would you describe the Agonist (muscle)
Prime mover - muscle or group of muscles responsible for an action
How would you describe Antagonist (muscle)
Opposite Prime mover - protects joint
How would you describe Synergist (muscle)
Assists Prime Mover
How would you describe Stabiliser (muscle)
Work together in opposition to secure bone in place
The spinal column is composed of what?
24 individual vertebra
Describe the Vertebra
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 modified fused sacrum, 3-4 modified fused tailbone
What is C1 and C2 known as?
C1 Atlas (bony ring with no body) / C2 Axis
What are the Facet Joints (spine)?
The bony knobs that meet between each vertebra that link vertebra together and give them flexibility to move against each other - there are 2 facet joints between each vertebra = flexibility and stability
What are the posterior muscles of the spine?
Erector Spinae - base of skull to sacrum, spinal extensors / Quadratus Lumborum - lower back lumbar spine / Multifidus - Cervical to Lumbar spine
What are the anterior muscles of the spine?
Scalenes - top 2 ribs to cervical vertebra & Sternocleidomastoid - from central collar bone to base of ear - largest superficial cervical muscle
List the Abdominal muscles from deepest to most superficial
Transverse Abs, Internal Obliques, External Obliques, Rectus Abs
What are the 3 pillars of the spine?
Erectus spinae (posterior), QL muscle (lateral) and Iliopsoas (anterior)
Which muscle sits inferior to the spine on the scapula?
Infraspinatus
Which muscle is responsible for knitting / drawing front ribs back?
Upper Rectus Abdominus
What are the 4 natural curves of the spine (viewed from side on)?
Cervical spine lordosis (concave) / Thoracic kyphosis (convex) / Lumar lordosis / Sacral Kyphosis
In order to stabilise the shoulder you must stabilise what?
Scapula and Humeral Head
What is the Core?
All muscles from pelvic floor to diaphragm
What are our main postural muscles?
Erector Spinae muscles
What muscle am I palpating if I press just inferior to the Iliac Crest?
Gluteus Medius
Which muscle supports the lumbar spine and can be active throughout practice?
Transverse Abs
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilise the humeral head
Which type of poses will best stretch the QL (quadratus lumborum)?
Side bends
What is the deepest abdominal muscle?
Transverse Abdominis
The spine has how many vertebra?
24
The shoulder and hip joint are what sort of joint?
Ball and Socket
Pelvis tipped forward is also known as?
Sway back, lordosis
Name the opposites of Medial, Proximal, Anterior, Superior and Superficial in anatomy terminology
Lateral, Distal, Posterior, Inferior, Deep
Human movement involves the interaction of which three systems?
BONES - linked together at JOINTS, move by contraction of MUSCLES which cross the joint and cause movement by pulling on bones
What are the 2 skeletons?
Axial (mainframe - skull, ribcage, sternum, vertebral column) and Appendicular - everything hanging off mainframe - all other bones
What is Fascia?
Each part of the body is connected to every other part by Fascia - one continuous structure of connective tissue
What are the 3 joint structures?
Fibrous (skull), Cartilaginous (Ribs) and Synovial (everything else - move freely)
True of False - Ligaments attach bone to bone
TRUE
True or False - Tendons attache muscle to bone?
TRUE
What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?
Eccentric (lengthen, shorten), Concentric (against gravity, eg bicep curl), Isometric (static, hold)
Which is the only muscle that connects the spine to the leg?
IlioPsoas (iliacus and psoas)
Which muscles perform hip extension?
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus)
Name the nerve that runs down the centre of the body?
Vagus
The Acromium process is part of what bone?
Scapula - attach to collar bone
What are the movements of the hip (7)?
Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction
What are the movements of the cervical spine?
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
What are the movements of the lumbar spine?
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation (limited by direction of facet joints- only 5 degrees of movement
What is the action of the diaphragm?
Inhale - contracts and Exhale - expands, releases, abdomen draws in, ribs draw down, pelvic floor lifts)
What shape is the diaghragm?
Dome shaped
The main function of the deep shoulder muscle layer is what?
To create stability
Tension is which muscle will inhibit the function of the diaphragm the most?
Rectus Abdominus
What is the Rectus Abdominus known as?
The six pack (eight pack)
Which muscle is the primary stabiliser of the pelvis when standing on one leg?
Gluteus medius