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YTT 2021 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diastasis Recti?

A

Abdominal separation in pregnancy

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2
Q

Which muscle is NOT a primary external hip rotator?

A

Gluteus Medius

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3
Q

The Iliopsoas needs what to support the lumbar spine?

A

The antagonistic support of the abdominals

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4
Q

True of False - The Gluteus Maximus contracts in backbends?

A

True

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5
Q

What happens to the scapula when you reach your arms overhead?

A

They upwardly rotate / elevate

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6
Q

What are the movements of the hip (7)?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, circumduction

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7
Q

Which muscles stabilise the scapula?

A

Serratus Anterior & Rhomboids

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8
Q

What are the 3 bones of the shoulder complex?

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus

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9
Q

What is the primary movement of the Rhomboids?

A

Scapular Retraction

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10
Q

What is the primary movement of the Serratus Anterio?

A

Scapular Protraction (cat pose)

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11
Q

What 4 roles do the muscles play?

A

Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, Stabiliser

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12
Q

How would you describe the Agonist (muscle)

A

Prime mover - muscle or group of muscles responsible for an action

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13
Q

How would you describe Antagonist (muscle)

A

Opposite Prime mover - protects joint

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14
Q

How would you describe Synergist (muscle)

A

Assists Prime Mover

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15
Q

How would you describe Stabiliser (muscle)

A

Work together in opposition to secure bone in place

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16
Q

The spinal column is composed of what?

A

24 individual vertebra

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17
Q

Describe the Vertebra

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 modified fused sacrum, 3-4 modified fused tailbone

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18
Q

What is C1 and C2 known as?

A

C1 Atlas (bony ring with no body) / C2 Axis

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19
Q

What are the Facet Joints (spine)?

A

The bony knobs that meet between each vertebra that link vertebra together and give them flexibility to move against each other - there are 2 facet joints between each vertebra = flexibility and stability

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20
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the spine?

A

Erector Spinae - base of skull to sacrum, spinal extensors / Quadratus Lumborum - lower back lumbar spine / Multifidus - Cervical to Lumbar spine

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21
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the spine?

A

Scalenes - top 2 ribs to cervical vertebra & Sternocleidomastoid - from central collar bone to base of ear - largest superficial cervical muscle

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22
Q

List the Abdominal muscles from deepest to most superficial

A

Transverse Abs, Internal Obliques, External Obliques, Rectus Abs

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23
Q

What are the 3 pillars of the spine?

A

Erectus spinae (posterior), QL muscle (lateral) and Iliopsoas (anterior)

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24
Q

Which muscle sits inferior to the spine on the scapula?

A

Infraspinatus

25
Which muscle is responsible for knitting / drawing front ribs back?
Upper Rectus Abdominus
26
What are the 4 natural curves of the spine (viewed from side on)?
Cervical spine lordosis (concave) / Thoracic kyphosis (convex) / Lumar lordosis / Sacral Kyphosis
27
In order to stabilise the shoulder you must stabilise what?
Scapula and Humeral Head
28
What is the Core?
All muscles from pelvic floor to diaphragm
29
What are our main postural muscles?
Erector Spinae muscles
30
What muscle am I palpating if I press just inferior to the Iliac Crest?
Gluteus Medius
31
Which muscle supports the lumbar spine and can be active throughout practice?
Transverse Abs
32
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilise the humeral head
33
Which type of poses will best stretch the QL (quadratus lumborum)?
Side bends
34
What is the deepest abdominal muscle?
Transverse Abdominis
35
The spine has how many vertebra?
24
36
The shoulder and hip joint are what sort of joint?
Ball and Socket
37
Pelvis tipped forward is also known as?
Sway back, lordosis
38
Name the opposites of Medial, Proximal, Anterior, Superior and Superficial in anatomy terminology
Lateral, Distal, Posterior, Inferior, Deep
39
Human movement involves the interaction of which three systems?
BONES - linked together at JOINTS, move by contraction of MUSCLES which cross the joint and cause movement by pulling on bones
40
What are the 2 skeletons?
Axial (mainframe - skull, ribcage, sternum, vertebral column) and Appendicular - everything hanging off mainframe - all other bones
41
What is Fascia?
Each part of the body is connected to every other part by Fascia - one continuous structure of connective tissue
42
What are the 3 joint structures?
Fibrous (skull), Cartilaginous (Ribs) and Synovial (everything else - move freely)
43
True of False - Ligaments attach bone to bone
TRUE
44
True or False - Tendons attache muscle to bone?
TRUE
45
What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?
Eccentric (lengthen, shorten), Concentric (against gravity, eg bicep curl), Isometric (static, hold)
46
Which is the only muscle that connects the spine to the leg?
IlioPsoas (iliacus and psoas)
47
Which muscles perform hip extension?
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus)
48
Name the nerve that runs down the centre of the body?
Vagus
49
The Acromium process is part of what bone?
Scapula - attach to collar bone
50
What are the movements of the hip (7)?
Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction
51
What are the movements of the cervical spine?
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
52
What are the movements of the lumbar spine?
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation (limited by direction of facet joints- only 5 degrees of movement
53
What is the action of the diaphragm?
Inhale - contracts and Exhale - expands, releases, abdomen draws in, ribs draw down, pelvic floor lifts)
54
What shape is the diaghragm?
Dome shaped
55
The main function of the deep shoulder muscle layer is what?
To create stability
56
Tension is which muscle will inhibit the function of the diaphragm the most?
Rectus Abdominus
57
What is the Rectus Abdominus known as?
The six pack (eight pack)
58
Which muscle is the primary stabiliser of the pelvis when standing on one leg?
Gluteus medius

YTT 2021 (1 decks)

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