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B3W1 > ANATOMY > Flashcards

ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypogastric region
Right flank region, umbilical region, left flank region
Right inguinal region, pubic region, left inguinal region

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2
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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3
Q

At what level is the subcostal plane?

A

L3

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4
Q

At what level is the supracristal plane?

A

L4

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5
Q

What level is the transtubercular plane?

A

L5

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6
Q

What’s included in the upper gastrointestinal tract?

A

The oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

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7
Q

What’s included in the lower gastrointestinal tract?

A

The ileum, jejune my, large intestine

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8
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

The space between he soft tissue and the teeth and gums

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9
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

The parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands

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10
Q

What is the secretion of saliva controlled by?

A

The parasympathetic system

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11
Q

Where does the sublingual gland open into?

A

Multiple ducts on a ridge either side of the sublingual papilla and frenulum

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12
Q

Where does the submandibular gland open into?

A

The sublingual papilla

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13
Q

Describe the structure of the human teeth?

A

We have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and up to 3 molars in each quadrant

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14
Q

Why do teeth need their own nerve supply?

A

As they need to be able to detect pressure

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15
Q

What’s the nerve supply of teeth?

A

The tribe I also nerve branches; the mandibular and maxillary nerves. The maxillary nerve gives off superior alveolar nerves and the mandibular nerve gives off inferior alveolar nerves

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16
Q

What’s the blood supply of the teeth?

A

The maxillary artery supplies the upper teeth via the superior alveolar branch and the lower teeth by the inferior alveolar branches

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17
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

The masseter, temporal is, medial and lateral pterygoids and the Gucci at or (an accessory muscle of mastication)

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18
Q

What is the temporalis muscle innervatee by?

A

The mandibular branch of the tribute I also nerve

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19
Q

What’s the blood supply of the temporalis muscle?

A

The maxillary and superficial temporal artery

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20
Q

What’s the function of the temporalis muscle

A

To adduct the jaw

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21
Q

What innervates the masseter muscle?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

What’s the blood supply of the masseter muscle?

A

The maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

23
Q

What’s the function of the masseter muscle?

A

To contract to shut the jaw

24
Q

What’s are the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attached to?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate

25
Q

What’s the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

It contracts to close the jaw

26
Q

What’s the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

It contracts to pull the mandible foward and open the jaw

27
Q

What innervates the buccinato?

A

The facial nerve

28
Q

What’s the function of the buccinator muscle?

A

The stop food spilling over into the vestibule

29
Q

What are the 2 types of tongue muscles?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic

30
Q

What’s the function of the extrinsic muscles?

A

Hi Mike e the tongue itself

31
Q

What’s the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

To form the shale and to help with vocalising

32
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

The genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus

33
Q

Where is the genioglossus muscle and what does it do?

A

It attaches to genial spines on the mandible and helps with protrusion of the tongue

34
Q

Where is the hyoglossus muscle and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the hyoid bone and the tongue and acts to depress the tongue

35
Q

Where is the styloglossus muscle and what does it do?

A

It attaches to the styloidprocess and the tongue and acts to form a trough in the middle of the tongue

36
Q

Where is the palatoglossus muscle and what does it do?

A

It lies from the palate to the tongue and forms the palatoglossus fold at the back of the oral cavity. It’s key for swallowing as it lifts up the tongue

37
Q

What is the general sensation in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue supplied by?

A

The trigeminal nerve - specifically the lingual nerve

38
Q

What’s the blood supply to the tongue?

A

The lingual artery and vein

39
Q

Which 2 muscles can shut off the nasopharynx?

A

The levator veli palatini and the musculus uvulae

40
Q

What innervates the pharynx?

A

The pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

41
Q

What level does the oesophagus run from and to?

A

C6 to C10

42
Q

What’s the histology of the mouth, oropharyngeal, laryngopharynx and oesophagus?

A

Stratified non-keratin in squamous epithelium

43
Q

What’s the histology of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with parietal and goblet cells

44
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

When there’s a change in colour action in the oesophagus as the simple columnar epithelium move up into the oesophageal region as the gastric juices move up. This can be a precursor sign of oesophageal cancer

45
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

The cardia, fungus, body and pyloric antrum

46
Q

What’s the blood supply of the stomach?

A

The coeliac trunk

47
Q

What nerve causes peristaltic and secretory action in the stomach?

A

The vagus nerve

48
Q

Which regions of the duodenum are peritoneal?

A

Superior region

49
Q

Which regions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

The descending and horizontal region

50
Q

What is the duodenal cap?

A

The first part of the duodenum that

Is dilated because air is trapped

51
Q

What is the ligament of treitz?

A

The ligament which curves around the crus and hold the ascending region of the duodenum in place

52
Q

What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

The facial nerve

53
Q

What is the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue ( touch and taste) innervated by

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

B3W1 (5 decks)

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