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block 6 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Major skull sutures

A

Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid

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2
Q

Junctions

A

Bregma, Lambda, Pterion, Asterion

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3
Q

Fontanelles are

A

membranous gaps that exist between skull bondes in the newborn

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4
Q

Metopic suture

A

between the 2 frontal bones

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5
Q

Le fort fracture

A

fracture of the maxilla

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6
Q

Anterior fossa is occupied by

A

frontal lobe

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7
Q

Middle fossa is occupied by

A

temporal lobe

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8
Q

Posterior fossa is occupied by

A

cerebellum and brainstem

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9
Q

Basilar skull fracture

A

fracture most commonly of the temporal bones from blunt force trauma

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10
Q

Symptoms of basilar skull fracture

A

bruising behind ears or around eyes, blood behind ear drum, CSF leak from nose or ear

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11
Q

bones of the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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12
Q

key features of the anterior cranial fossa

A

cribriform plate and foramina, crista galli, frontal crest

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13
Q

bones of the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid, temporal

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14
Q

key features of the middle cranial fossa

A

optic canal, hypophyseal fossa, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal

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15
Q

posterior cranial fossa bones

A

temporal and occipital

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16
Q

key features of the posterior cranial fossa

A

foramen magnum, grooves for sigmoid and transverse dural sinuses, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, internal occipital protuberance

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17
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory

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18
Q

CN 1 foramen

A

cribriform plate

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19
Q

CN 2

A

optic

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20
Q

CN 2 foramen

A

optic canal

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21
Q

CN 3

A

oculomotor

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22
Q

CN 3 foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear

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24
Q

CN 4 foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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25
Q

CN 5

A

trigeminal

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26
Q

CN 5 foramen

A

V1-superior orbital fissure
V2- foramen rotundum
V3- foramen ovale

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27
Q

CN 6

A

abducent

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28
Q

CN 6 foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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29
Q

CN 7

A

facial

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30
Q

CN 7 forman

A

stylomastoid foramen

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31
Q

CN 8

A

vestibulocochlear

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32
Q

CN 8 foramen

A

internal acoustic meatus

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33
Q

CN 9

A

glossopharyngeal

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34
Q

CN 9 foramen

A

jugular foramen

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35
Q

CN 10

A

vagus

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36
Q

CN 10 foramen

A

jugular foramen

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37
Q

CN 11

A

spinal accessory

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38
Q

CN 11 foramen

A

jugular foramen

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39
Q

CN 12

A

hypoglossal

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40
Q

CN 12 foramen

A

hypoglossal canal

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41
Q

Carotid canal contains

A

internal carotid artery

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42
Q

foramen spinosum contains

A

middle meningeal artery

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43
Q

Optic canal contains

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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44
Q

Superior orbital fissure contains

A

CN 3, 4, 5, 6 and superior ophthalmic vein

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45
Q

2 layers of the dura

A

periosteal (outer) and meningeal (inner)

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46
Q

dural partitions

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

47
Q

blood supply of dura

A

ethmoidal arteries, maxillary (middle meningeal) artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery, vertebral artery

48
Q

Meningeal arteries course between

A

the bone and the periosteal dura

49
Q

pterion fracture may cause bleeding from

A

middle meningeal artery leading to extradural hemorrhage

50
Q

surgical approach to middle cranial fossa

A

pterion craniotomy

51
Q

meningeal spaces

A

extradural, subdural, subarachnoid

52
Q

Dural venous sinuses lead to

A

internal jugular veins

53
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, occipital sinus, confluence of sinuses, cavernous sinuses, superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus

54
Q

important structures pass through the cavernous sinus

A

internal carotid artery, CN 3, 4, 5, 6

55
Q

cavernous sinus

A

paired dural sinuses located on either side of the sella turcica (sphenoid)

56
Q

platysma acts to

A

tense the skin of the neck and depress the mandible

57
Q

platysma nerve

58
Q

SCM acts to

A

laterally flex the head and rotate the face to opposite side , extend head and draws head forward, accessory muscle of respirations

59
Q

SCM nerve

60
Q

Trapezius acts to

A

rotate, elevate, retract, depress the scapula

61
Q

Trapezius nerve

62
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

63
Q

stylohyoid nerve

A

facial nerve

64
Q

digastric nerves

A

mylohyoid, facial

65
Q

mylohyoid nerve

66
Q

geniohyoid nerve

67
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

68
Q

infrahyoid nerve

A

ansa cervicalis except thyrohyoid (C1)

69
Q

Ansa cervicalis is formed by _ present in _ and related to _

A

C1-3, carotid triangle, IJV and ICA

70
Q

muscles that elevate hyoid

A

stylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid

71
Q

muscles that depress the mandible

A

digastric, geniohyoid

72
Q

muscles that depress the hyoid

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

73
Q

sternothyroid acts to

A

depress the thyroid cartilage and larnx

74
Q

in addition to depressing the hyoid the thyrohyoid acts to

A

elevate the thyroid cartilage and larynx

75
Q

contents of digastric (submandibular) triangle

A

submandibular gland, facial artery and vein, stylohyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerve, lymph nodes

76
Q

contents of carotid triangle

A

CCA, ICA, ECA, IJV, vagus nerve, hypoglossal nerve

77
Q

contents of muscular triangle

A

infrahyoid muscles, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands

78
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A

EJV, subclavian vein, SCA, brachial plexus, cervical plexus, accessory nerve

79
Q

Anterior scalene acts to

A

flex neck, elevate first rib

80
Q

anterior scalene nerve

A

anterior rami of C4-6

81
Q

middle scalene acts to

A

flex neck, elevate first rib

82
Q

middle scalene nerve

A

anterior rami of C2-6

83
Q

posterior scalene acts to

A

flex neck laterally, elevate second rib

84
Q

posterior scalene nerve

A

anterior rami C7-8

85
Q

CCA divides at

86
Q

branches of ECA

A

superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal, superficial temporal, maxillary

87
Q

IJV is a continuation of

A

the sigmoid sinus

88
Q

IJV begins at

A

jugular foramen

89
Q

tributaries of IJV

A

inferior petrosal sinus, pharyngeal, occipital, facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid

90
Q

subclavian artery (SCA) parts

A

vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, costocervical

91
Q

branches of thyrocervial

A

inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular

92
Q

only tributary of subclavian vein

A

external jugular

93
Q

brachiocephalic vein tributaries

A

vertebra, inferior thyroid, internal thoracic, left superior intercostal, thymic

94
Q

which brachiocephalic vein is longer

95
Q

What passes through the scalene triangle

A

SCA and brachial plexus

96
Q

superficial cervical lymph nodes

A

occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, submental

97
Q

gloosopharyngeal nerve innervates

A

stylopharyngeus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, middle ear, parasympathetic to parotid gland

98
Q

vagus nerve innervates

A

muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, external acoustic meatus, laryngopharynx, taste of epiglottis, parasympathetic to heart, trachea, bronchi, GIT

99
Q

branches of vagus nerve

A

pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, inferior (recurrent) laryngeal, cartoid sinus/body, cardia, thoracic, abdominal

100
Q

hypoglossal nerve innervates

A

most muscles of the tongue

101
Q

cervical plexus cutaneous branches

A

lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular,

102
Q

cervical plexus from

103
Q

cervical plexus muscular branches

A

phrenic, prevertebral, lateral vertebral, ansa cervicalis

104
Q

cervical part of sympathetic trunk

A

three cervical ganglia located behind the cartoid sheath on the transverse process of C5

105
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

partial ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, increased temp and redness

106
Q

Thyroid gland is enclosed by

A

pretracheal fascia

107
Q

what connects the lobes of the thyroid

108
Q

which nerve can get damaged during thyroid surgery

A

recurrent laryngeal neve

109
Q

layers of deep cervical fascia

A

investing, prevertebral, pretrachel, carotid sheath

110
Q

investing layer contains

A

trapezius, SCM, infrahyoid, submandibular gland, parotid gland

111
Q

prevertebral layer contains

A

prevertebral muscles, 3 scalene muscles, deep muscles of the back

112
Q

Pretracheal layer

A

thyroid, trachea, pharynx, esophagus

113
Q

carotid sheath contains

A

CCA, ICA, IJV, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes

block 6 (6 decks)

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