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MRCS Part A > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation external urethral sphincter

A

Pudendal nerve - S2,S3,S4

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2
Q

4 parts of male urethra

A

Pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous, penile

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3
Q

Superficial relations of submandibular gland

A

Platysma, submandibular nodes, facial vein, facial artery inferior to mandible, marginal mandibular nerve, cervical branch of facial nerve

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4
Q

Deep relations of submandibular gland

A

Facial artery, mylohyoid muscle, hypoglossus muscle, hypoglossal nerve, submandibular duct, lingual nerve

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5
Q

Wharton’s duct

A

Opens lateral to lingual frenulum anterior floor of mouth. Lingual nerve wraps around it.

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6
Q

Innervation of submandibular gland

A

Sympathetic - superior cervical ganglion

Parasympathetic - submandibular ganglion via lingual nerve

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7
Q

Blood supply of submandibular gland

A

Facial artery and anterior facial vein

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8
Q

What makes up the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus medially, inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius muscle laterally

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9
Q

Relations of adductor longus?

A

Long saphenous overlies it and profunda branch of femoral artery, femoral nerve inferiorly.

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10
Q

Origin, insertion and innervation of adductor longus

A

Origin - anterior body of pubis
Insertion - middle third of linea aspera
Innervation - anterior division of obturator (L2,3,4)

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11
Q

Borders of the quadrangular space

A

Humerus laterally, subscapularis and teres minor superiorly, teres major inferiorly and long head of triceps medially

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12
Q

What is transmitted through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

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13
Q

5 branches of the facial nerve

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, Marginal mandibular, Buccal, Cervical

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14
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A 
Face, ear, taste, tear. 
Muscles of facial express
Nerve to stapedius
Anterior two thirds of tongue
Lacrimal and salivary glands
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15
Q

Geniculate ganglion

A

Sensory branch of the facial nerve, divides into greater petrosal nerve, chorda tympani and nerve to stapedius

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16
Q

Nerve supply of the knee

A

Femoral, tibial and common peroneal branch of sciatic and by a branch of obturator

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17
Q

Bloody supply of the knee

A

Genicular branches of femoral artery, popliteal and anterior tibial arteries

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18
Q

Lymphatic drainage anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Only to ipsilateral nodes as little communication past midline

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19
Q

Lymphatic drainage posterior 1/3 tongue

A

Has communicating networks so early bilateral nodal metastases are common

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20
Q

Lymphatic spread from tip of tongue

A

Submental lymph nodes and then deep cervical nodes

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21
Q

Lymphatic spread from mid-portion of tongue

A

Submandibular nodes and then to deep cervical nodes.

22
Q

Lymphatic spread from mid tongue tumour located laterally

A

Usually drain to ipsilateral deep cervical nodes.

23
Q

Lymphatic spread from mid tongue tumour located centrally

A

Bilateral deep cervical node involvement

24
Q

Which muscle is being tested by trendelenberg test?

A

Gluteus medius

25
Q

Injury to which nerve results in a motor deficit that causes weakened abduction of the thigh?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

26
Q

Blood supply of appendix

A

Appendicular artery which is a branch of ileocolic

27
Q

Which part(s) of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Posterior aspect of ascending colon, posterior aspect of descending colon (until sigmoid, approx L4)

28
Q

Arterial supply of the colon (ascending, transverse, descending + sigmoid)

A

SMA and IMA (linked my marginal artery)
Ascending colon - ileocolic (inferior branch of SMA) + R colic
Transverse - middle colic
Descending + sigmoid - IMA

29
Q

Venous drainage of the colon

A

Regional veins to superior and inferior mesenteric vein

30
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the colon

A

Para-aortic nodes

31
Q

Embryology of the colon

A

Second part of duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon = midgut

Distal 1/3 transverse to anus = hindgut

32
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck (apex, superior, posterior, base)

A

Apex - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius at occipital bone
Superior - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posterior - anterior border of trapezius
Base - middle third of clavicle

33
Q

Nerve contents of the posterior triangle

A

Accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, three trunks of brachial plexus, branches of cervical plexus

34
Q

Vessel contents of posterior triangle

A

External jugular vein, subclavian artery

35
Q

Muscle contents of posterior triangle

A

Inferior border of omohyoid

Scalene

36
Q

Lymph node contents of posterior triangle

A

Supraclavicular and occipital

37
Q

Constrictions of the oesophagus (distance from incisiors)

A

Cricoid cartilage (15 cm), arch of aorta (22.5 cm), left principal bronchus (27 cm), diaphragmatic hiatus (40 cm)

38
Q

Anterior relations of oesophagus?

A 
Trachea to T4
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left bronchus
Left atrium
Diaphragm
39
Q

Posterior relations to oesophagus?

A

Thoracic duct to L at T5
Hemiazygos to L T8
Descending aorta
first 2 intercostal branches of aorta

40
Q

Left relations of oesophagus?

A

Thoracic duct

L subclavian artery

41
Q

Right relations to oesphagus?

A

Azygos vein

42
Q

Arterial supply to oesophagus

A

Upper third - inferior thyroid
Mid third - aortic branches
Lower third - L gastric

43
Q

Venous drainage from oesophagus?

A

Upper third - inferior thyroid
Mid third - azygos branches
Lower third - L gastric

44
Q

Lymphatic drainage of oesphagus?

A

Upper third - deep cervical
Mid third - mediastinal
Lower third - gastric

45
Q

Muscularis externa of oesophagus?

A

Upper third - striated
Mid third - striated + smooth
Lower third - smooth

46
Q

Nerve supply of oesophagus?

A

Upper half - recurrent laryngeal nerve

Lower half - oesophageal plexus (vagus)

47
Q

Histology of oesophagus?

A

Muscosa - non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Submucosa - glandular tissue
Muscularis externa (muscularis)
Adventitia

48
Q

Origin of triceps (long head, lateral head, medial head)

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head - dorsal surface of humerus
Medial head - posterior surface of humerus

49
Q

Insertion of triceps

A

Olecranon process of the ulna

50
Q

Innervation of triceps

A

Radial nerve

51
Q

Blood supply of triceps

A

Profunda brachii artery

52
Q

Action of the triceps

A

Elbow extension

MRCS Part A (1 decks)

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