Anatomy Flashcards
palp
ation
touch
process
ana dis tome - toma - tomy secto Anatomy
up - apart apart instrument to cut - process of cutting - to cut cut Study of Structure or Form
auscalt
ation
listen
process
cadere
cadaver
to fall down
dead human body
radiology
imaging
gross anatomy
radiology, dissection, observation
histo logy patho histology histopathology
tissue
study of
disease
study microscopic structure of tissue and organ
study microscopic structure of diseased tissue and organ
The body’s structural hierarchy
organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cell - organelle - macro molecule - molecule - atom
cyto
logy
cytology
cell
study of
study of structure and function of cells
ultra structure
molecular level
organ systems
integumentary skeletal muscular endocrine nervous lymphatic circulatory respiratory digestive urinary male/female reproductive system
systems of protection, support and movement
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
systems of communication and integration
endocrine
nervous
systems of fluid transport
lymphatic
circulatory
systems of input and output
respiratory
digestive
urinary
systems of reproduction
male/female reproductive system
organ
elle
organelle
part of an organism which is self contained
elle = little
microscopic structure in a cell
holism
holo = entire, whole
metabolism
meta
bolo
ism
internal chemical change
change
cast
process
anabolism
ana
bolo
ism
simple molecules changed into complex molecules
build up
cast
process
catabolism
cato
bolo
ism
complex molecules broken down in simple molecules
break down
change
process
homeostasis
homeo
stasis
stas
ability of body to maintain stable internal environment
constant
control
stand, stay
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels
vasoconstriction
Narrowing of blood vessels
receptor
cell or organ detecting a stimulus
effector
molecule , cell or organ carrying out a response to a stimulus
anterior
nearer to front
posterior
further back
supinated
hand, foot or limb turned that palm or sole is facing anteriorly
pronated
hand, foot or limb turned that palm or sole is facing posteriorly
supine
person lying face up
prone
person lying face down
sagittal plane
vertical cut separating into left and right half
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical cut separating into anterior and posterior
transversal plane
transverses horizontal and separates into superior and inferior
dorsal
toward the front or belly
ventral
toward the back or spine
endo
crin
endocrin system
into
inject
gland system
musculoskeletal system
articular system (joints etc)
skeletal system
muscular system
6 elements make out 98.5% of a human bodies weight?
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, phosphorus
a
tome
atom
not
cut
charge of neutrons? charge of protons? charge of electron? relationship of neutrons and protons? what charge does the atom have?
none positive negative equal neutral
name the circular fields around the atom’s nucleus?
what makes the nucleus?
how many electrons maximum in the first circular field called…?
how many electrons maximum in each consecutive circular field after the first one called ….?
energy level (shell)
proton and neutron
2
8
name the electrons in the outer energy field (shell)?
valence electrons
iso
top
isotopes
same
place
variety of elements with same position in periodic table
difference of elements with same position in periodic table?
number of neutrons and therefor the atomic mass
what physical difference exists between isotopes?
what are they called?
what happens to them?
what is that process called?
unstable isotopes
radioisotopes
braking down into more stable isotopes
radioactivity
how many minimum isotopes for each element?
1
what is ionising radiation?
high energy radiation ejecting neutrons from atoms,
converting them into ions
what is an ion?
cation?
anion?
an atom with an unequal number of electrons and protons and consequently a either negative or positive charge.
an atom which gained more electrons and now has more electrons than protons, hence is now negatively charged.
an atom which lost electrons and now has less electrons than protons, hence is now positively charged.
Explain the process when a sodium atom which has 11 electrons meets a chlorine atom which has 17 electrons?
The sodium atom will have 3 shells the first with 2 electrons, the second with 8 electrons an the third with 1 valence electron. The chlorine atom will have 3 shells, the first with 2 electrons, the second with 8 electrons and the third with 7 valence electrons. When both atoms interact the chlorine atom with 7 electrons will become stable by adding the 1 valence electron from the sodium atom to its outer shell and becomes now an imbalanced and negatively charged ion Cl-. The sodium atom looses the one valence electron in its outer shell and becomes an imbalanced ion with a positive charge Na+.
What is the charge on an ion called?
valence
what are opposite charged ions doing?
are attracted to each other and follow each other through the body
what are electrolytes?
Substances which ionise in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity.
why are electrolytes important?
for their chemical reactivity, osmotic effects and electrical effects
