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Gynaecology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the pelvis

A

coxal bone
sacrun
coccyx

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2
Q

3 parts of the coxal bone

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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3
Q

5 ligaments connecting the pelvis

A 
obturator membrane
inguinal ligament
pubic symphysis
ililumbar ligament
anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
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4
Q

3 ligaments connecting pelvis to lower limbs

A 
iliofemoral ligament (ilium to femur)
pubofemoral ligament (pubis to femur)
ischiofemoral ligament (ischium to femur)
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5
Q

what are the muscles of the pelvic floor

A

1) levator ani
- puborectalis
- pubococcygeus
- iliococcygeus
2) coccygeus

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6
Q

muscles of the inner pelvic wall

A
  • piriformis
  • coccygeus
  • obturator internus
  • levator ani
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7
Q

function of the perineal membrane

A
  • provides attachment for the roots of the external genitalia
  • creates two holes within the urogenital hiatus (urethral and vaginal)
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8
Q

relationship between iliacs and ureters

A

the ureter crosses over the common iliac vessels at the level of the pelvic brim

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9
Q

branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal

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10
Q

branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

A 
obturator 
umbilical
inferior vesical 
middle rectal
internal pudendal
inferior gluteal 
uterine 
vaginal
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11
Q

course of the inferior epigastric artery

A
  • arises from the external iliac artery, proximal to the inguinal ligament
  • ascends obliquely, lateral to the obliterated umbilical artery
  • pierces the transversalis fascia
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12
Q

at what level do the ovarian arteries come off the aorta

A

L4 (just below the level of the renal arteries)

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13
Q

what is the difference in the drainage of the ovarian veins between the right and left side

A

left ovarian vein –> drains into the left renal vein

right ovarian vain –> drains into the IVC

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14
Q

explain the blood flow to the fallopian tube

A

combination of branches from tubal branches of the ovarian artery, and the ascending branches of the uterine arteries

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15
Q

explain the relationship between the uterine artery and the ureter

A

uterine artery crosses above the ureter

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16
Q

3 vessels that supply the vagina

A

vaginal artery
internal pudenal artery
middle rectal artery

17
Q

what are the supports of the uterus

A
  1. upper section
    - round ligament
    - broad ligament
  2. middle section
    - cardinal ligament
    - pubocervical ligament
    - uterosacral ligament
  3. lower section
    - levator ani, cocygeus
    - perineal body
18
Q

attachments of the round ligament

A

originates at the uterine horn –> passes through the inguinal canal –> attaches to the labia majora

19
Q

3 parts of the broad ligament

A

mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx

20
Q

3 ligaments that run within the broad ligament

A

ovarian ligament
round ligament
IP ligament

21
Q

what is within the cardinal ligament

A

the uterine arteries and veins

22
Q

two supports of the ovary

A

ovarian ligament

IP ligament

23
Q

nerve supply to the perineum

A
  • pudendal nerve - supplies majority of the perineum

- genitofemoral nerve - supplies the peri-urethral anterior aspect of the vulva

24
Q

what vessels traverse through Scarpa’s fascia

A

superficial circumflex iliac vessels

superficial epigastric vessels

25
Q

where do you find, and what is the arcuate line

A
  • 2.5cm below the umbilicus

- horizontal line that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus

26
Q

5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A 
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominus
pyramidalis
27
Q

where do you find the inferior epigastric artery during laparoscopically

A

in the middle of the triangle formed from the round ligament at the insertion into the inguinal canal (lateral), and the obliterated umbilical artery (medial)

28
Q

5 major nerves that innervate the abdominal wall

A 
thoracoabdominal
lateral cutaneous
subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
29
Q

lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdominal wall

A

superficial

  • above umbi - pectoral group of axillary nodes
  • below umbi - superficial inguinal nodes

deep

  • above umbi - mediastinal nodes
  • below umbi - para-aortic nodes
30
Q

4 major muscles that make up the posterior abdominal wall

A

psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus
quadratus lumborum

31
Q

what is the course of the ureter

A
  • from renal pelvis –> traverses over anterior surface of psoas, descending posterolaterally as it crosses OVER the iliac vessels
  • as the ureter approaches the pelvis –> crossed anteriorly by ovarian artery and vein (water under the bridge)
  • entering pelvis - right ureter crosses over the external iliac, left ureter crosses over the common iliac artery
  • mid pelvis - then crosses under the uterine artery
  • tunnels into the cardinal ligament lateral to the cervix –> trigone

Gynaecology (2 decks)

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