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Science > Anatomy 101 > Flashcards

Anatomy 101 Flashcards

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0
Q

Direct respiration

A

Has exchange between an organism and their environments

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1
Q

Resperation tract

A

Pathway of gas exchange between an organism and their environments

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2
Q

Indirect respiration

A

Ashes brought to cells by the blood stream

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3
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of gases between environment and the blood

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4
Q

Internal respiration

A

Gas exchange between blood and cells

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5
Q

Breathing

A

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large muscle at the base of the thoracic cavity

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7
Q

Inspiration

A

Ribs up and out, diaphragm down and flat stomach relaxes

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8
Q

Expiration

A

Ribs down and in, diaphragm relaxes goes up , stomach contracts

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9
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of complex food materials into smaller molecules

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10
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The physical breakdown of foods by grinding, reading and mixing

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11
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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12
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes breakdown complex molecules into simple molecules

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13
Q

Digestive track

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

Back of the throat. Swallowing

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15
Q

Epiglottis

A

Tissue like flap that covers the trachea when swallowing

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16
Q

Corsica sphincter

A

Top of stomach

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17
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Bottom of stomach

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18
Q

Pancreas

A

Neutralizes stomach acid by secreting a basic solution

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19
Q

Liver

A

Filters toxic substances from blood, stores glycogen and vitamins. Gets rid of wastes

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20
Q

Small intestine

A

Digestion and nutrient absorption

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21
Q

Villi

A

Finger like structures which help increase surface area for absorption

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22
Q

Large intestine

A

Water absorption

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23
Q

Anal sphincter

A

Releases waste products from the digestive system

24
Q

Circulatory system function

A

delivers nutrients and 02 to cell. Carries waste and CO2 away from cells

25
Q

Red blood cells

A

Transport O2

26
Q

White blood cells

A

Defense and immune system. Larger in size

27
Q

Platelets

A

Protein fragments. Used for clotting

28
Q

Plasma

A

Makes up 55% of blood. 90% water.

29
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood away from the heart. Think muscular wall.

30
Q

Artecioles

A

Small arteries

31
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny thin walked blood vessles. Transports material in and out of a cell

32
Q

Venules

A

Small veins

33
Q

Veins

A

Carries blood to the heart. Thin walled, backflow

34
Q

Heart right side

A

Recieves CO2 rich blood from the body

35
Q

Heart left side

A

Receives O2 rich blood from the lungs and sends it out to the body

36
Q

Right atrium

A

Recieces CO2 rich blood from vena cava

37
Q

Right ventricole

A

Recieves CO2 blood from right atrium pumps blood through pulmonary valve out the pulmonary artery and into the lungs

38
Q

Lungs

A

CO2 out CO2 in

39
Q

Left atrium

A

O2 blood returns through pulmonary vein

40
Q

Left ventricle

A

O2 blood pumped out of heart through suffix calve into aorta into the body

41
Q

Lub

A

Ventricular contraction. Tricuspid and mitral valves slam shut

42
Q

Dub

A

Atrial contraction. Pulmonary and aortic valves slam shut

43
Q

Nervous system

A

A complex network of cells that communicate with eachother

44
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell that transmits/ recieves

45
Q

Axon

A

Long thin structure that transmits an electrical signal

46
Q

Dendrite

A

Part that recieves signals from the axon

47
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

A small gap between an axon and dendrite

48
Q

Synapse

A

A chemical message between 2 neurons

49
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released into the synaptic cleft

50
Q

Nerve impulses

A

A pulse of electricity that flows across a neuron

51
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal chord. Caddies

Messages from the body to the bran and vena cava

52
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Neurons that have cell bodies that are not included in the brain and spinal chord

53
Q

Afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons that collect info from your body and send if to the brain

54
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Motor neurons that send info away from the brain

55
Q

Reflex

A

An involuntary movement where a stimulus is sent to the spinal chord via added end neurons motor neurons lead back to give a respond

56
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls internal body conditions

57
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Can direct blood blow away from digestive organs towards the heart and muscles

58
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

Causes organs to resume activity

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