Anatomy Flashcards
Superior
Closer to head
Inferior
Further away from head, closer to feet
Lateral
Further away from midline
Medial
Closer to midline
Proximal
Closer to main part of body
Distal
Further away from main part of body
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Superficial
Near or on surface of body
Deep
Further away from the surface
Sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides body into left and right
Frontal plane
vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior
Transverse plane
horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior
Transverse axis
normal to sagittal plane
Anteroposterior axis
normal to frontal plane, direction of motion
Longitudinal axis
normal to transverse plane, vertically down/up
Flexion
movement in the sagittal plane such that rotation occurs around transverse axis
Extension
opposite of flexion
Hyperextension
beyond extended position
Dorsiflexion
Ankle rotating upwards towards shin
Plantar flexion
Ankle rotating towards ground away from shin
ABduction
movement in frontal plane such that rotation occurs around anteroposterior axis where body moves away from the midline
ADduction
movement towards midline
Elevation
Shoulder moves to superior position
Despression
Opposite to elevation shoulders move to a more inferior position
Lateral bending
Bending of spinal column in frontal plane
Inversion
Bending of foot about anteroposterior axis, sole moves medially and inwards
Eversion
Opposite of inversion, sole moves laterally and outwards
Rotation
movement in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis
inward/medial
outward/lateral
Supination
for forearm, anatomical position is supinated, movement of hand outwards in the lateral direction with shoulders fixed
Pronation
Movement of hand inwarsd in the medial direction with shoulder fixed
Circumduction
combination of movements in the SP, FP and planes between e.g. sequential motion of hand at wrist joint
