ANATOMY 1 Flashcards
What does ‘Superior’ mean?
Toward head; above.
What does ‘Inferior’ mean?
Away from head; below.
What does ‘Ventral’ (anterior) mean?
Toward front.
What does ‘Dorsal’ (posterior) mean?
Toward back.
What does ‘Medial’ mean?
Toward midline.
What does ‘Lateral’ mean?
Away from midline.
What does ‘Intermediate’ mean?
Between medial and lateral.
What does ‘Proximal’ mean?
Closer to origin or attachment.
What does ‘Distal’ mean?
Farther from origin or attachment.
What does ‘Superficial’ mean?
Toward surface.
What does ‘Deep’ (internal) mean?
Away from surface.
What is the Anatomical Position?
Erect, feet forward, palms forward.
What are Directional Terms?
Explain body structure positions.
What are Regional Terms?
Define areas in body divisions.
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Divides body right/left.
What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?
Divides body anterior/posterior.
What is the Transverse Plane?
Divides body superior/inferior.
What does the Cranial Cavity encase?
Encases brain.
What does the Vertebral Cavity enclose?
Encloses spinal cord.
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
Contains heart and lungs.
What does the Abdominopelvic Cavity contain?
Contains digestive/reproductive organs.
What does the Abdominal Cavity contain?
Contains stomach, intestines, liver, etc.
What does the Pelvic Cavity contain?
Contains bladder, reproductive organs.
What are the Levels of Organization?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
What is Anatomy?
Study of structure.
What is Physiology?
Study of function.
What is the Complementarity Principle?
Structure dictates function.
How does Physiology Depend on Anatomy?
Function is based on structure.
What is the function of the Digestive System?
Breaks down nutrients.
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
Brings in oxygen, removes CO2.
What is the function of the Urinary System?
Eliminates wastes.
What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?
Distributes oxygen/nutrients via blood.
What is the function of the Integumentary System?
Protects body.
What does the Skeletal System consist of?
Bones and joints.
What does the Muscular System consist of?
Skeletal muscles.
What does the Nervous System consist of?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves.
What does the Endocrine System consist of?
Glands like thyroid, pituitary.
What does the Lymphatic System do?
Returns fluid to blood, immunity.
What organs are in the Respiratory System?
Lungs, trachea, pharynx.
What organs are in the Digestive System?
Stomach, intestines, liver.
What organs are in the Urinary System?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder.
What are the Male Reproductive organs?
Prostate, testis.
What are the Female Reproductive organs?
Ovaries, uterus.
What are the Lymphatic Functions?
Fluid return, immunity.
What are the Life Functions?
Boundaries, movement, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth.
What are the Survival Needs?
Nutrients, oxygen, water, body temp, pressure.
What is Homeostasis?
Stable internal environment.
What is a Control Mechanism?
Receptor, control center, effector.
What is Negative Feedback?
Response reduces stimulus (e.g., body temp regulation).
What is Positive Feedback?
Enhances stimulus (e.g., blood clotting).
What is Homeostatic Imbalance?
Disturbance increases disease risk.
What is the directional term from Head to Abdomen?
Superior.
What is the directional term from Navel to Chin?
Inferior.
What is the directional term from Breastbone to Spine?
Anterior.
What is the directional term from Heart to Breastbone?
Posterior.
What is the directional term from Heart to Arm?
Medial.
What is the directional term from Arms to Chest?
Lateral.
What is the position of the Collarbone?
Intermediate.
What is the directional term from Elbow to Wrist?
Proximal.
What is the directional term from Knee to Thigh?
Distal.
What is the directional term from Skin to Muscles?
Superficial.
What is the directional term from Lungs to Skin?
Deep.
What is an example of Negative Feedback?
Heat or Cold Adjustment.
What is an example of Negative Feedback?
Thirst Response.
What is an example of Positive Feedback?
Platelet Plug Formation.
What is the purpose of Regional Terms?
Define specific body areas.
What are the planes of the body?
Sagittal, frontal, transverse.
What cavity encases the brain?
Cranial.
What cavity encloses the spinal cord?
Vertebral.
What cavity contains the heart and lungs?
Thoracic.
What is located between the Thoracic and Abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm.
What cavity contains digestive organs?
Abdominal.
What cavity contains reproductive and urinary organs?
Pelvic.
What are the parts of the Thoracic Cavity?
Mediastinum, pleura, pericardial.
What are the two major body cavities?
Dorsal and ventral.
What is the body’s thermostat?
Hypothalamus.
What are the divisions of the Ventral Cavities?
Thoracic, abdominopelvic.
What does Negative Feedback Response do?
Reverses stimulus.
What is perpendicular to the Long Axis?
Transverse.
What is the direction from Front to Back?
Horizontal.
What are the planes dividing the body?
Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse.
What cavity is for the brain?
Cranial.
What cavity is for the spinal cord?
Vertebral.
What are the parts of the Thoracic Cavity?
Mediastinum, pleural, pericardial.
What cavity is between Thoracic and Abdominal?
Diaphragm.
What cavity is for digestive organs?
Abdominal.
What cavity is for reproductive and urinary organs?
Pelvic.
What is the structure of the Thoracic Cavity?
Mediastinum, pleura, pericardial.
What systems are responsible for Homeostasis?
Nervous and Endocrine.
What are the planes of body cuts?
Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse.
How is Homeostasis controlled?
Negative feedback for correction.
