Anatomical triangles Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?
- rectus capitis posterior major
- obliquus capitis superior (lateral)
- obliquus capitis inferior
What is the floor of the suboccipital triangle?
- posterior arch of C1
- atlanto-occipital membrance
What does the suboccipital triangle contain?
- 3rd part of the vertebral artery
- suboccipital nerve
- suboccipital veins
What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triagnle?
- anterior midline
- inferior ramus of the mandible
- anterior border of the scm
What are the contents of the anterior cervical triangle?
4 different triangles
- carotid
- muscular
- submental
- muscular
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
- superior belly of the omohyoid
- posterior belly of the digastric
- SCM
What makes up the floor of the carotid triangle?
- hyoglossus
- middle and inferior constrictor muscles
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
- CN 11, 12
- carotid sheath
- Ansa cervicalis
What is in the carotid sheath?
- common carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- internal jugular vein
- CN 10
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
- posterior and anterior bellies of the digastric
- inferior ramus of the mandible
What makes up the floor of the submandibular triangle?
- mylohyoid
- hyoglossus
- middle constrictor
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
- submandibular gland
- facial vein and artery
- hypoglossal nerve
- mylohyoid nerve
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
- anterior bellies of digastric and hyoid
What is the floor of the submental triangle?
- mylohyoid msucles
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
- submental lymph nodes
- submental veins
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
- SCM
- superior belly of omohyoid
- anterior midline of the neck
What are the contents of the muscular triagnle?
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
- thyroid
- trachea
- larynx
What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?
- SCM
- trapezius
- middle third of the clavicle
What divides the posterior cervical triangle?
the inferior belly of the omohyoid divides
- occipital and supraclavicular triangle
What makes up the floor of the posterior cervical triagnle?
- splenius capitis
- levator scapulae
- scalenus posterior, medius and anterior
What are the contents of the posterior cervical triangle?
- 6 vessels
- 7 nerves
What are the 6 vessels contained within the posterior cervical triangle?
- subclavian artery
- suprascapular
- transverse cervical
- occipital arteries
- subclavian vein
- jugular vein
What are the 7 nerves of the posterior cervical triangle?
- great auricular
- lesser occipital
- supraclavicular
- transverse cervical nerves
- trunks of the brachial plexus
- CN 11
- sometimes phrenic nerve
What are the boundaries of the Triangle of Auscultation?
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- medial border of scapula
What is the floor of the triangle of auscultation?
- rhomboid major
What are the boundaries of the Lumbar triangle of Petit?
- latissimus dorsi
- external oblique
- iliac crest
What is the floor of the Lumbar Triangle of Petit?
- transverses abdominis
What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle of Hesselbach?
- rectus abdominis
- inferior epigastric vessels
- inguinal ligament
What is the inguinal ligament?
infolding of the lower end of the aponeurosis of External oblique and extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle
What is the floor of the Inguinal Triangle of Hesselbach?
- transversalis fascia
Where do direct hernias pass through?
- Hesselbach’s triagnle
Where do indirect hernias pass?
- deep inguinal ring (defect in the transvcersalis fascia)
What are the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle of Scarpa?
- inguinal ligament
- medial borders of sartorius and adductor longus
What is the floor of the femoral triangle of scarpa?
- iliopsoas
- pectineus
- adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle of Scarpa?
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- femoral vein
- femoral canal
What lies inside of the femoral sheath?
- femoral artery vein and canal
* the femoral nerve lies outside of the femoral sheath
