Anatomical Terms, Planes, & Movements Flashcards
- describe neutral anatomical position - use terminologia anatomica to describe anatomical structures, locations, and movements
1
Q
5 Criteria of anatomical position
A
- eyes/head looking forwards
- upper limbs hanging at the side of body
- palms facing forward ; open
- legs are parallel
- toes pointing forwards
2
Q
medial
A
towards the midline of the body
3
Q
lateral
A
away from the midline of the body
4
Q
proximal
A
closer to trunk/point of origin ; used for limbs
5
Q
distal
A
away from trunk/point of origin ; used for limbs
6
Q
anterior
A
in front of
7
Q
posterior
A
behind
8
Q
superior
A
towards the top of head
9
Q
inferior
A
towards the feet
10
Q
superficial
A
near the surface of the body
11
Q
deep
A
farther from the surface of the body
12
Q
movement occurs in the ___ about the ___
A
planes, axes
13
Q
what axis divides the body into left and right sides? What planes do movements occur in?
A
frontal/coronal axis, sagittal/midsagittal plane
14
Q
What axis divides the body into anterior and posterior compartments? What planes do movements occur in?
A
sagittal axis, frontal/coronal plane
15
Q
what axis separates the body into superior and inferior compartments? What planes do movements occur in?
A
vertical/longitudinal axis, transverse/horizontal plane
16
Q
what is it called when a section of the body is cut at an odd angle?
A
oblique section
17
Q
what are the 3 anatomical cavities
A
cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavity
18
Q
rostral
A
towards the beak
19
Q
cranial/cephalic
A
towards the head
20
Q
caudal
A
towards the tail
21
Q
ventral
A
towards the belly
22
Q
dorsal
A
towards the back
23
Q
are anterior and ventral the same for humans?
A
Yes
24
Q
intermediate
A
in-between medial and lateral
25
ipsilateral
on the same side
26
contralateral
on the opposite side
27
what region does the term "mental" refer to in anatomy?
chin
28
what region does the term "otic" refer to in anatomy?
ear
29
what region does the term "buccal" refer to in anatomy?
cheek
30
what region does the term "cervical" refer to in anatomy?
neck
31
what region does the term "axillary" refer to in anatomy?
armpit
32
what region does the term "inguinal" refer to in anatomy?
groin
33
what region does the term "mammary" refer to in anatomy?
breast
34
what region does the term "sternal" refer to in anatomy?
sternum
35
what region does the term "abdominal" refer to in anatomy?
abdomen, abs
36
what region does the term "pubic" refer to in anatomy?
genitals
37
what region does the term "scapular" refer to in anatomy?
scapula; shoulder blade
38
what region does the term "olecranal" refer to in anatomy?
elbow
39
what region does the term "sacral" refer to in anatomy?
bottom of spine
40
what region does the term "lumbar" refer to in anatomy?
lower back
41
what region does the term "vertebral" refer to in anatomy?
spine
42
what region does the term "perineal" refer to in anatomy?
between anus & genitals
43
what region does the term "metacarpal" refer to in anatomy?
bones of the hand
44
what region does the term "acromial" refer to in anatomy?
shoulder
45
what region does the term "antecubital" refer to in anatomy?
inside of elbow
46
what region does the term "manus" refer to in anatomy?
hand
47
what region does the term "brachial" refer to in anatomy?
upper arm
48
what region does the term "antebrachial" refer to in anatomy?
forearm
49
what region does the term "pollex" refer to in anatomy?
thumb
50
what region does the term "coxal" refer to in anatomy?
hip
51
what region does the term "femoral" refer to in anatomy?
thigh
52
what region does the term "patellular" refer to in anatomy?
patella ; knee
53
what region does the term "CRural" refer to in anatomy?
lower leg
54
what region does the term "popliteal" refer to in anatomy?
back of knee
55
what region does the term "Sural" refer to in anatomy?
back of calf
56
what region does the term "tarsal" refer to in anatomy?
ankle
57
what region does the term "calcaneal" refer to in anatomy?
heel
58
what region does the term "metatarsal" refer to in anatomy?
bones of the foot
59
what region does the term "hallux" refer to in anatomy?
big toe
60
Where is the HYPOchondriac region?
Top (hypo) left or right region of the abdominopelvic region (hypochondriac = below rib)
61
Where is the LUMBAR region?
Middle (lumbar) left or right region of the abdominopelvic region (lumbar = lower back)
62
Where is the INGUINAL region?
Lower (inguinal) left or right region of the abdominopelvic region (inguinal = groin)
63
Where is the epigastric region?
Top Middle region in the abdominopelvic region (epigastric = above stomach)
64
Where is the umbilical region?
Middle Middle region in the abdominopelvic region (umbilical = navel)
65
Where is the HYPOgastric region?
Lower Middle region of the abdominopelvic region (hypogastric = below stomach)
66
What organs are found in the RUQ (right upper corner)?
Liver, gallbladder
67
What organs are found in the LUQ (left upper quadrant)?
stomach, spleen, pancreas
68
What organs are found in the RLQ (right lower quadrant)?
Small intestine, large intestine, bladder, appendix
69
What organs are found in the LLQ (left lower quadrant)?
small intestine, large intestine, bladder
70
Where is the subcostal (transpytoric line)?
superior to the umbilical
71
Where is the transtubercular line?
inferior to the umbilical
72
where is the transumbilical line?
goes through the umbilical horizontally
73
where is the deltoid region?
shoulder
74
Movements occuring in frontal plane, about the sagittal axis (4):
Lateral Flexion (trunk)
ABduction & ADDuction (hip, shoulder, wrist, digits)
Elevation & Depression (scapula)
Eversion & Inversion (ankle)
75
Movements occurring in the sagittal plane, about the frontal axis (2*):
Flexion & Extension (hip, knee, elbow, shoulder, trunk, wrist, digits,)
**shoulder and hip have odd movements of flexion
Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion (ankle)
76
What movements occur in the transverse plane, about the longitudinal axis (5)?
Rotation (trunk)
Medial(Internal)/Lateral(External) (hip)
Protraction/Retraction (scaupula & shoulder)
ABduction/ADDuction (digits)
Pronation/Supination (elbow)
77
What is circumduction?
a combination of movements
78
Opposition
Moving thumb towards pinkie finger
79
Reposition
Moving thumb away from pinkie finger
80
Flexion
bending of a joint
81
Extension
extension of a joint
82
what does the anterior cavity house?
visceral organs
83
what does the posterior cavity house?
brain and spinal cord
84
What two organs are in the thoracic cavity? What organ divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
Heart & Lungs, diaphragm
85
What is the difference between visceral layer and parietal layer of serous membranes that wrap around viscera?
visceral layer is the deep membrane layer, lining the viscera itself, parietal layer is the superficial membrane layer, attached to the wall of the cavity
86
What is a serous cavity?
A true/potential space between the two membranes of serous membranes
87
What is serous fluid?
fluid found in serous cavities that lubricates membranes to allow movement of organs
88
What are the 4 serous cavities of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Pleura (x2)
Pericardium
Peritoneum
89
What do the pleurae do?
Serous membranes that surround each lung
90
What is the mediastinum ? Is it considered a real cavity?
the space between the pleural cavities (not technically a real cavity)
91
What is the cavity surrounding the heart?
pericardial cavity
92
Where and what is inside the abdominal cavity?
below diaphragm but above pelvis, contains: liver, digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
93
Where and what is inside the pelvic cavity?
below abdomen, surrounded by hip bones, contains: bladder, reproductive organs
94
Where and what is the peritoneal cavity?
serous membrane surrounding most abdominal organs & superior pelvic organs
95
Where and what is the retroperitoneum?
Space behind peritoneum, within abdominal cavity, contains: kidneys, rectum, pancreas
96
