anatomical terms / english-latin Flashcards by heidi christine

cephal(o)-

head

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face

facio-

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skull

crani(o)-

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hair

trich(o)-

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mouth (two ways)

stoma-/oro-

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tongue (two ways)

gloss(o)-/linguo-

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labio-/cheilo-

lips

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lips

labio-/cheilo-

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teeth

dent-/odont(o)-

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gingivo-

gums

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nose (two ways)

rhino-/naso-

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cheek

buccal-

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chin

geni(o)-/mento-

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mandible

mandibulo-

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maxilla

maxillo-

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salivary gland

sialadeno-

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gland

adeno-

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trachea

trache(o)-

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larynx

laryngo-

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thyro-

thyroid

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throat

pharyngo-

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epiglottis

epiglott(i)-

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oto-

ear

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tympanic membrane/eardrum

myringo-/tympano-

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cochlea

cochleo-

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mastoid process

mastoido-

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eye (three ways)

opto-/optho-/oculo-

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pupil

pupillo-

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eyelid (two ways)

blepharo-/palpebro-

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conjunctiva

conjuctiv(o)-

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eyebrow

ophryo-

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retina

retin(o/i)-

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cornea

kerat(o)-

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iris

irid(o)-

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vitreous humour of the eye

hyal(o)-

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lacrimal/tear gland

dacryoaden(o)-

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lacrimal/tear duct

lacrimo-

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abdomen/tummy

laparo-/celi(o)-

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stomach

gastro-

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pyloric sphincter

pyloro-

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gallbladder

cholecyst-

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common bile duct

choledocho-

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bile

chol(e/o)-

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bile duct

cholangio-

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intestines

entero-

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pancreas

pancreato-

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duodenum

duodeno-

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jejunum

jejuno-

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ileum

ileo-

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appendix (two ways)

appendo-/appendico-

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cecum (two ways)

ceco-/typhlo-

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colon/large intestine

col(o)-/colono-

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sigmoid colon

sigmoido-

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anus/rectum

ano-/proct(o)-

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how do we breakdown each medical word? (three parts)

prefix: description (number, amount, size, location etc) root: subject (relating to a part of the body) suffix: condition (pertaining to a process or procedure; amount, location etc)

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examples of prefixes: size and amount

macro-, micro-, hyper-, hypo-, eu-/normo-, pan-/omni-, a-/an- (absent or lacking)

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examples of prefixes: numerical

mono- (single/singular), di- (two/double), tri- (three/triple), quad- (four/quadruple), poly- (many/a lot), oligo- (few, several, very little)

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examples of prefixes: speed

tachy- (rapid/fast), brady-/brachy- (slow)

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examples of prefixes: location

epi-,peri-, circum- (around), endo-/intra- (inside, inner, interior), exo-/extra- (outside, outer, exterior), inter- (between), trans- (across), dia-/per- (through, complete), medi/o/a- (middle), para- (nearby), juxta- (next to, beside, adjacent)

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examples of prefixes: movement

ab- (away), ad- (toward), dis- (to separate)

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examples of prefixes: colours

chromo/chromato (colour), leuko (white), erythro (red), cyano (blue), chloro (green), melan (black), flav (yellow)

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body

homeo-

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neck

cerv-

chest

thoraco-

abdominal

abdomino-

pelvic

pelvo/i-

peritoneum

periton-

skin/dermis

derm-

nerve

neuro-

blood

hemo-

arterio-/angio-

arteries

arteries (two ways)

arterio-/angio-

venous (two ways)

veno-/vena-

muscle (three ways)

musculo-, myo-/sarco-

skeleton/bone

skelet-

bone

osteo-

cell

cyto-

cell/cellular

cyte-

esophagus

esophago-

thymus

thymo-

mammary gland

masto-/mammo-

lung

pulmo-/pneumo-

heart

cardio-

liver

hepato-

spleen

spleno-

adrenal gland

adreno-

kidney

nephro-

-ology

the study of

-philia

love of

-phobia

fear of

-tension

pressure

-xia

oxygen

-capnea

carbon dioxide

-pnea

air

-ase

enzyme

dys-

problem/abnormal

mal-

bad

-itis

inflammation

-plasia

growing/process of growth

-plasm

growth/formation

-oma

tumour

-trophy

growth/typically involving cellular growth not size

-pathy

disease

-osis

condition (abnormal)

-ia

abnormal condition

-ism

state

-ic/-eal

pertaining to/relating to some process

meta-

change/transformation

-stasis/-static

maintenance of ‘normal’ condition

-dynamic

changing (continually)

-lytic/-lysis

destruction

-megaly

enlarged

-penia

decreased, below or lower than normal

-emia

relating to blood condition

-ectomy

removal/excision

-otomy

incision/cutting

-ostomy

to make a hole

-scopy

to view

-graph(y)

process of recording

-gram

recording

-plasty

surgical repair

-therapy

treatment

chemical

chemo-

sound

echo-/sono-

pertaining to electrical charge

electro-

hypertrophy

above normal
growth

normotension

normal
pressure

hyperplasia

above normal/high
growth

pancytopenia

all
cell
decreased/low levels

splenomegaly

spleen
enlarged

fibro-

fiber

thrombo-

clot

blasto-

germ cell

-blast

progenitor cell/stem cell

-clast

absorbing cell

-phag(o/ia)

to eat/consume/ingest

-dips/o/ia)

to drink

-pepsia

digestion

-emesis

vomiting

-ptosis

lowering position of organ

pyo-

puss

pyr-

relating to fever (heat)

iatro-

medicine/doctors

steno-

narrowing

psychro-

denoting cold

-praxia / -taxia

motor activity

-lexia

condition involving reading

-lalia/-logia

condition involving speech

-algesia/algia

denoting pain

-genic

producing

steato-

fat/fatty tissue

histo-

tissue

hidr(o)-

sweating

hapto-

related to touch

halit-

breath

propio-

pressure touch

-lith

stone