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ANHB1101 > Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Features of the Anatomical Position

A

1) Feet are flat on the floor
2) Person is standing straight
3) Head is level and eyes are facing forward
4) Arms are at sides of body with palms forward facing

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2
Q

Prone position

A

Chest/ventral surface downwards

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3
Q

Supine position

A

Back/dorsal surface downwards

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4
Q

What does Ipsilateral refer to?

A

Situated or affecting the same side of the body

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5
Q

What does Contralateral refer to?

A

Of or pertaining to the other side of the body

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6
Q

What is supination? ( include bone orientation)

A

Movement to which the palms face anteriorly: whereby the radius is lateral and ulna is medial.

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7
Q

What is pronation? ( include bone orientation)

A

Movement to which the palms face posteriorly: whereby the ulna is lateral and radius is medial.

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8
Q

Describe the Sagittal plane.

What are its directional terms?

A

Division running vertically, separating the body into left and right portions.
Medial / Lateral

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9
Q

What is the Midsagittal plane?

A

Equal vertical division of the body.

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10
Q

What is a Parasagittal plane?

A

Unequal vertical division of the body.

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11
Q

Describe the frontal plane.

Name its alias and directional terms.

A

Any vertical plane dividing the body into ventral and dorsal sections.
Also known as Coronal (not when describing quadrupeds or embryos).
Anterior and Posterior.

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12
Q

Describe the Horizontal plane.

Name its alias and directional terms.

A

Division of the body into a top and bottom half.
Transverse/ cross-sectional plane.
Superior and Inferior

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13
Q

What is an oblique plane?

A

Division of the body at any angle.

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14
Q

What 2 major regions is the body divided into?

A

Axial and Appendicular

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15
Q

What does the axial region consist of?

A

The main axis of the human body and includes the head, neck, chest, and trunk.

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16
Q

What does the appendicular region consist of?

A

The upper and lower limbs, which attach to the axial region.

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17
Q

What does the cephalic (head) region consist of?

A

Cranium and mandible (skull and face)

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18
Q

Where is the cervical region located and what does it consist of?

A

Between the head and the trunk.

7 cervical vertebrae, oesophagus, trachea, larynx.

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19
Q

Where is the thoracic region located and what does it consist of?

A

Between the neck and abdomen.
Bounded by ribs (12 pairs), thoracic vertebrae and sternum. Contains heart, lungs, oesophagus and trachea. Separated from abdomen by diaphragm.

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20
Q

What does the trunk region consist of?

A

Thorax, abdomen and pelvis.

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21
Q

Where is the abdominal region located and what does it consist of?

A

Between thorax and pelvis. Posteriorly are lumbar vertebrae. Contains the liver, stomach and small intestines. Bounded by abdominal muscles and diaphragm.

22
Q

What is the lumbar region, and what does it consist of?

A

Area around lumbar vertebrae. The kidneys sit on either side of the the lumbar vertebrae.

23
Q

What does the pelvis region consist of?

A

The bones of the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum) and the muscles which close the outlet of the pelvis.

24
Q

Where is the inguinal region?

A

Anterior surface of body where the trunk attaches to thighs: marked by a crease on each side.

25
Q

What is the the upper limb region and what does it consist of?

A

The appendage attached at the shoulder; consists of arm, forearm, wrist, hand and fingers

26
Q

What is the the brachium (arm) region and what does it consist of?

A

Between shoulder joint and elbow; contains humerus

27
Q

What is the axillary region?

A

Armpit

28
Q

What is the the forearm region and what does it consist of?

A

Between the wrist and elbow; contains the radius and ulna.

29
Q

What is the wrist?

A

Joint between distal ends of radius and ulna + carpal bones.

30
Q

What does the hand consist of?

A

Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges.

31
Q

What is the palm?

A

The anterior surface of hand when in the anatomical position.

32
Q

Describe the dorsum of the hand?

A

Back of hand, surface on which nails are.

33
Q

What is the the lower limb region and what does it consist of?

A

Appendage attached to pelvis; includes buttock, thigh, leg, ankle and foot.

34
Q

What is the the thigh and what does it consist of?

A

Portion of lower limb from hip to knee; contains femur.

35
Q

What is the the leg and what does it consist of?

A

Portion of lower limb from knee to ankle; contains tibia and fibula.

36
Q

What is the ankle?

A

The joint between the tibia, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)

37
Q

What is the foot?

A

Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.

38
Q

What is the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Sole; surface on the ground in anatomical position.

39
Q

What is the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superior surface of the foot in anatomical position; toenails are on this surface.

40
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

The space that contains internal organs and are lined with a membrane.

41
Q

What is a potential body cavity?

A

Under normal conditions there is no space between membranes and they contain no organs. Under abnormal conditions there is the potential for the membranes to separate and create a space. Eg. collapsed lung.

42
Q

What is a cranial cavity?

A

Contains the brain and is formed by the cranial bones.

43
Q

Describe the vertebral cavity.

A

Contains spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves. Formed by the vertebral column.

44
Q

Describe the thoracic cavity.

A

Chest cavity; contains pericardial and pleural cavities and the mediastinum.

45
Q

What is the mediastinum, where is it located, what does it contain?

A

Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs.
Extends anterio-posteriorly from sternum to vertebral column and supero-inferiorly from first rib to diaphragm. Contains heart, great vessels (aorta, vena cavae), esophagus, trachea and thymus.

46
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Potential space between the layers of the pericardium surrounding the heart.

47
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

Potential space between the layers of the pleura surrounding the lungs.

48
Q

Where is the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

It extends from the diaphragm to the groin, encircled by abdominal musculature and muscles and bones of the pelvis. It can be subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.

49
Q

What is the abdominal cavity?

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestine.

50
Q

What is the pelvic cavity?

A

Contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine and internal reproductive organs.

ANHB1101 (1 decks)

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