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ECS Anatomical Terms > Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior

A

situated in the front or in the forward part of

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2
Q

Anatomical Position

A

an erect standing position with the feet parallel and arms at side with palms turned forward

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3
Q

Posterior

A

situated behind or toward the rear

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4
Q

Superior

A

over; having a higher situation

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5
Q

Inferior

A

below

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6
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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7
Q

Ventral

A

on or toward the belly surface

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8
Q

Medial

A

pertaining to or toward the middle

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9
Q

Lateral

A

pertaining to or toward the side

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10
Q

Radial (lateral)

A

on or toward the same side of the forearm or hand as the radius; same as lateral

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11
Q

Ulnar (medial)

A

on or toward the same side of the forearm or hand as the ulna; same as medial

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12
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side

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13
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side

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14
Q

Cranial

A

head end, cephalic

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15
Q

Caudal

A

tail end

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16
Q

Distal

A

farthest away from the point of attachment of origin, body or center of motion

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17
Q

Thigh

A

from hip to knee

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18
Q

Leg

A

from knee to ankle

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19
Q

Arm

A

from shoulder to elbow

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20
Q

Forearm

A

from elbow to wrist

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21
Q

Origin

A

the more fixed or central attachment of a muscle

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22
Q

Insertion

A

the place of attachment of a muscle to the bone which it moves

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23
Q

Contraction

A

an increase in muscle tension, with or without change in overall length

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24
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

a lengthening contraction

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25
Q

Concentric contraction

A

a shortening contraction; an isotonic contraction

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26
Q

Isometric contraction

A

increase in tension without a change in muscle length

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27
Q

Agonist

A

a muscle or muscle group that is most directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular motion (Elbow Flex-Biceps)

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28
Q

Antagonist

A

a muscle or muscle group which has the action opposite of a particular agonist muscle

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29
Q

Synergist

A

two or more muscles that cooperate during the execution of a particular motion. Example: FCU and FCR cooperate to produce wrist flexion

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30
Q

Neutralizer

A

muscle which comes into play to inhibit any secondary unwanted movements of the prime mover. During wrist flexion FCU and FCR neutralize wrist RD and UD to produce pure wrist flexion.

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31
Q

Prone

A

lying on the stomach

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32
Q

Supine

A

lying on the back

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33
Q

Lordosis

A

an abnormal anterior curve, usually found in the lumbar spine - an exaggeration of the normal anterior curve

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34
Q

Kyphosis

A

an abnormal posterior curve, usually found in the thoracic region of the spine - an exaggeration of the normal posterior curve

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35
Q

Rotation

A

movement about a longitudinal axis in a transverse plane

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36
Q

Lateral or external

A

turning the anterior surface of the rotation extremity away from the midline of the body

37
Q

Medial or internal

A

turning the anterior surface of the rotation extremity towards the midline of the body

38
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the median line of the body; at the wrist this is synonymous with radial deviation

39
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the median line of the body; at the wrist this is synonymous with ulnar deviation

40
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

a movement at the shoulder in a (horizontal extension) transverse plane in an anterior and medial direction

41
Q

Horizontal adduction

A

a movement at the shoulder in a (horizontal flexion) transverse plane in an anterior and medial direction

42
Q

Flexion

A

a bending of a joint by which the two adjacent segments approach each other (in the neck and low back, flexion is movement of the spine in a posterior direction, i.e., moving from a position of anterior convexity to a straight position)

43
Q

Lateral flexion

A

side-bending; movement in which the body bends toward the side of the concavity while the spine curves convexly toward the opposite side

44
Q

Extension

A

the straightening of a joint; the return from flexion (in the neck and low back extension would be an increase in the anterior convexity or moving from a straight position to an anterior convexity)

45
Q

Hyperextension

A

motion of a joint in the direction of extension beyond the normal range

46
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

an ankle motion in which the upper surface of the foot approaches the anterior surface of the lower leg

47
Q

Plantar flexion

A

bending the foot down in the direction of the sole

48
Q

Eversion

A

elevation of lateral border of foot with depression of medial border of foot so that plantar aspect of foot faces laterally

49
Q

Inversion

A

elevation of medial border with depression of lateral border of foot so that plantar aspect of foot faces medially

50
Q

Supination (ankle)

A

triplanar motion which combines inversion, adduction and plantar flexion

51
Q

Supination (forearm)

A

distal end of radius moves from a medial to a lateral position (palm up)

52
Q

Pronation (ankle)

A

triplanar motion which combines eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

53
Q

Pronation (forearm)

A

distal end of radius moves from a lateral to a medial position (palm down)

54
Q

Opposition

A

combination of abduction, flexion, and medial rotation (occurs and thumb and small finger only)

55
Q

Circumduction

A

combines the successive movements of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction in which the part being moved describes a cone

56
Q

Varus

A

adduction of distal segment toward midline

57
Q

Valgus

A

abduction of distal segment away from midline

58
Q

Scapular adduction

A

the scapula translates medially along the rib cage toward the vertebral column

59
Q

Scapular abduction

A

the scapula translates laterally along the rib cage away from the vertebral column

60
Q

Scapular upward rotation (lateral rotation)

A

a movement of the scapula (about an axis perpendicular to the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the inferior angle moves laterally and the glenoid fossa rotated to face cranially

61
Q

Scapular downward rotation (medial rotation)

A

a movement of the scapula (about an axis perpendicular to the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the inferior angle moves medially and the glenoid fossa rotates to face caudally

62
Q

Scapular elevation

A

a movement in which the scapula translates along the ribcage in a cranial direction

63
Q

Scapular depression

A

a movement in which the scapula translates along the ribcage in a caudal direction

64
Q

Scapular anterior tilt/tipping

A

a movement of the scapula (about an axis parallel to the scapular spine at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the coracoid moves anteriorly and caudally while the inferior angle moves posteriorly and cranially

65
Q

Scapular posterior tilt/tipping

A

a movement of the scapula (about an axis parallel to the scapular spine at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the coracoid moves posteriorly and cranially and the inferior angle moves anteriorly and caudally

66
Q

Scapular internal rotation

A

rotation of the scapula (about a vertical axis at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the lateral border of the scapula moves anteromedially and the vertebral border of the scapula moves posterolaterally such that the costal surface of the scapula faces more toward the midline of the body

67
Q

Scapular external rotation

A

rotation of the scapula (about a vertical axis at the acromioclavicular joint) in which the lateral border of the scapula moves posterolaterally and the vertebral border of the scapula moves anteromedially such that the costal surface of the scapula faces more away from the midline of the body

68
Q

Scapular winging

A

abnormal movement of the scapula about a vertical axis at the acromioclaviculat joint in which the vertebral border moves in a posterior and lateral direction away from the ribcage

69
Q

Clavicular Elevation/Depression

A

movements of the clavicle in the frontal plane or clost to it, that occur around an anterior to posterior axis at the SC joint. Clavicular elevation/depression produce scapular elevation/depression respectively.

70
Q

Clavicular Protraction/Retractions

A

movements of the clavicle in the horizontal plane that occur around a superior to inferior axis at the SC joint. Clavicular protraction/retraction produce scapular abduction/adduction respectively.

71
Q

Clavicular posterior longitudinal rotation

A

movement of the clavicle as it rotates posteriorly around a longitudinal axis through the clavicle. This rotation occurs at the sternoclavicular joint as the arm is brought up overhead.

72
Q

Thumb opposition

A

combination of abduction, flexion, and medial rotation

73
Q

Thumb flexion

A

a movement in the frontal plane where the thumb slides across the palm in a medial direction

74
Q

Thumb extension

A

a movement in the frontal plane (radial abduction) where the thumb moves laterally away from the palm

75
Q

Palmer abduction

A

a movement in the sagittal plane (abduction) where the thumb moves anteriorly away from the palm

76
Q

Thumb adduction

A

a movement in the sagittal plane where the thumb moves posteriorly towards the palm

77
Q

Pelvic anterior tilt

A

pelvic tilt in which the vertical plane through the anterior-superior spines is anterior to the vertical plane through the symphysis pubis; think of tilt that would make water flow out of front if pelvis were basin

78
Q

Pelvic posterior tilt

A

pelvic tilt in which the vertical plane through the anterior-superior spines is posterior to the vertical plane through the symphysis pubis; if pelvis = basin, tilt that would make water flow out back

79
Q

Pelvic lateral tilt

A

pelvic tilt in which the crest of the ilium is higher on one side than the other

80
Q

Clockwise rotation of pelvis

A

with the transverse plane as a reference and 12 o’clock at midpoint anteriorly, rotation forward on the left is clockwise rotation (also described as facing toward the right)

81
Q

Counterclockwise rotation of pelvis

A

with the transverse plane as a reference and 12 o’clock at midpoint anteriorly, rotation forward on the right is coutnerclockwise rotation (also described as facing toward the left)

82
Q

Median plane (mid-sagittal plane)

A

divides the body into right and left portions

83
Q

Frontal plane (coronal)

A

divides the body into an anterior and posterior portion

84
Q

Transverse (Horizontal plane)

A

divides the body or limbs into upper and lower parts

85
Q

Axes

A

an axis is a line about which movement takes place

86
Q

Axis of motion

A

perpendicular to the plane in which the motion occurs

87
Q

Medial to lateral axis (coronal)

A

a horizontal line extending from medial-lateral (side to side) about which movements of flexion and extension take place (with some exceptions)

88
Q

Superior to inferior axis

A

a vertical line extending in a superior-inferior direction about which movements of rotation take place

89
Q

Anterior to posterior axis (sagittal)

A

a horizontal line extending from anterior-posterior (front to back) about which movements of abduction and adduction take place.

ECS Anatomical Terms (1 decks)

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