Anatomical Terms Flashcards
Ventral, ventr/o
Near or on the belly side of the body
Dorsal, Dors/o
Near or on the back
Anterior, anter/o
Toward the front or in front of
Posterior, poster/o
Following or located behind
Cephalic, cephal/o
Upward, toward the head
caudal, caudad, caud/o
downward, towards the tail
medial, medi/o
toward the midline
lateral, later/o
toward the side, away from the midline
superior, super/o
above
inferior, infer/o
below
proximal, proxim/o
near the point of origin
distal, dist/o
away from the point of origin
sagittal, sagitt/o
vertical, anteroposterior direction or plane dividing into left and right
coronal, coron/o
resembling a crown or encircling
axillary
armpit
posterolatero
back and side
anterolateral
front and side
anteromedial
front and middle
anterosuperior
front and top
posteroexternal
back and outside of the body
posterointernal
back and inside of the body
coronal, coron/o
resembling a crown or encircling
anteroposterior
pertaining to the front and back (from front to back)
ventrodorsal
pertaining to the front and back, from front to back
dorsocephalad
toward the back of the head
-ad (suffix)
toward
ventrad (ventral)
toward the front
anterior (-ad)
toward the front
PA
posteroanterior (from back to front)
AP
anteroposterior (from front to back)
LAT
lateral (position)
LPO
left posterior oblique (position)
mediolateral
middle and side
superolateral
above and to the side
cephalocaudal
head to tail
midsagittal
vertical, anteroposterior direction cut at the midline to cut body into equal right and left halves
omphal/o
navel, umbilicus
omphalitis
inflammation of the navel/umbilicus
omphalic
pertaining to the navel/umbilicus
omphalectomy
excision of the umbilicus/navel
omphalocele
herniation of the navel/umbilicus (umbilical hernia)
umbilicocele
umbilical hernia
omphalorrhagia
hemorrhage of umbilicus (umbilical hemorrhage)
-rrhagia
hemorrhage
-rrhea
discharge flowing from
-rrhexis
rupture of
omphalorrhea
discharge flowing from navel
omphalorrhexis
rupture of navel
-ad
toward
cephalad
toward the head
caudad
toward the tail
pro-
in front of, before
gnosis, gnosia
knowledge
prognosis (Px)
foreknowledge, predicting outcome of a disease
procephalic
in front of the head
dia
throughout
diagnosis (Dx)
knowing through (identifying a disease through signs and symptoms)
sign
objective information about a patient that is observable
symptom
subjective information bc patient tells you how he feels or what he has experienced (may not be observable)
ICD
International Classification of Diseases - lists and assigns codes
to thousands of diagnoses
diarrhea
flowing through
dialysis
separation of substances in a solution
hemodialysis
removes waste from blood using artificial kidney machine
-tocia
labor
dys-
difficult, hard, abnormal, bad, hard
eu-
well, easy
dystocia
difficult, painful labor
eutocia
easy or normal labor
than
death
euhanasia
easy or peaceful death
eugenics
good development
bioethics
ethics about living things
enter/o
intestine (small)
col/o
intestine (large)
dysentery
infection of the intestine that causes pain, diarrhea, blood in stool; bacterial, viral, parasitic
men/o
menses
menarche
female’s first menstrual cycle
menorrhea
flow of menses
dysmenorrhea
painful or difficult menstrual flow
menopause
permanent cessation on menses
menorrhagia
excessive menstruation or menstrual hemorrhage
amenorrhea
without menstrual flow
menostasis
stopping menstrual flow
-stasis
the act or condition of stopping or controlling
hemostasis
act of controlling blood flow
phlebostasis
act of controlling blood flow in veins
venostasis
act of controlling blood flow in veins
arteriostasis
control of flow in arteries
lymphostasis
control of lymph flow
hemostat
instrument used during surgery to control blood flow by clamping off an artery or vein
homeostasis
staying the same, balance of body functions
-pathy
disease
syphil/o
syphilis
syphilopsychosis
mentsl condition caused by syphilis
syphiloma
syphilitic tumor
syphilotherapy
therapy for syphilis
syphilopathy
any syphilitic disease
-cyesis
pregnancy
pseudo-
false
pseudoscience
false science
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
pseudomania
psychosis in which patients have false or pretended mental disorder
pseudoparalysis
false paralysis (paralysis not due to nerve damage)
pseudocyst
false cyst
pseudoedema
false edema
pseudoesthesia
false sensation
pseudohypertrophy
false hypertrophy
pseudoneuroma
false nerve tumor
viscera
internal organs of the body
viscerad
towards the viscera
viscerogenic
development of organs
viscer/o
viscera
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
visceral pleura membrane
membrane that covers the lungs
visceral pleura
membrane on the surface of the lung
pariet/o
wall
parietal pleura
membrane on chest cavity wall
visceral peritoneum
membrane on the surface of the organs of the abdominal cavity
parietal peritoneum
membrane of the abdominal cavity wall
-ptosis
prolapse
visceroptosis
prolapse of organs
visceralgia
pain in organs
visceral
pertaining to organs
ecto-
outer-outside
endo-
inner inside
meso-
middle
retro-
backward, behind
para-
near
viscerogenic
pertaining to the development of organs
visceroskeletal
pertaining to organs and skeleton
viscerosensory
sensory function of organs
blastoderm
embryonic disk of cells
endoderm
inner germ layer (organs)
ectoderm
outer germ layer (includes skin, nervous system, sense organs and some glands)
mesogerm
middle germ layer (organs-muscle)
ecto-
outside
exo-
outside
endogenous
something produced within an organism
exogenous/ectogenous
something produced outside of the organism
poly-
excessive
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
excessive hunger
ectocytic
outside a cell
endocystic
inside a bladder
-plasm
substance of cells
proto-
first (prototype)
protoplasm
substance of life
ectoplasm
protoplasm that forms outer membrane of cell
endoplasm or cytoplasm
protoplasm within cell
endocranial
within the cranium
endochondral
within cartilage
endoenteritis
inflammation of the lining of the small intestine
endocardial or endocardiac
pertaining to the lining of the heart
endocolitis
inflammation of the lining of the colon
endoscope
instrument used to look inside a hollow organ or cavity of the body, i.e. stomach
gastroscopy
process of viewing the stomach through an instrument
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy - type of endoscopy
atheroma
fatty deposit on or in the inner lining of an artery
endarterectomy
removal of a substance from the inside of an artery
-ectopic
out of place
top/o
place
ectotopic pregnancy
occurs outside of the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube
salping/o
fallopian tubes
mesentery
middle intestine (peritoneum attaching intestine to the abdominal wall)
mesocolon
peritoneum attaching large intestine to the abdominal wall (mesentery of the colon)
mesodontic
pertaining to middle-sized teeth
retrocolic
behind the colon
retromammary
behind the breast (mammary gland)
retrosternal
behind the sternum
anteversion
turning forward
retroversion
turning backward
retroperitoneum
area behind the peritoneum
retroperitonitis
inflammation of the area behind the peritoneum
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
xray procedure in which an endoscope is used to inject a contrast medium into the ducts of the pancreas and gallbladder so that any obstructions can be viewed
flexion
bending or shortening of a body part (usually at a joint)
ante-
front or forward
anteflexion
bending forward
retroflexion
bending backward
paracentral
near or around the center
para-appendicitis
inflammation around the appendix
paracystitis
inflammation around/near bladder
paracolpitis
inflammation of the tissues around the vagina
parahepatitis
inflammation of tissues near the liver
paranephritis
inflammation of tissues near the kidney
HGH
human growth hormone
Hib
Hemophilis influenzae vaccine
HPV
human papilloma virus
HSG
hysterosalpingogram
Hx
history
H&P
history and physical
IABP
intra-aortic balloon pump
ICAT
indirect Coomb’s test
ICSH
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
ID
intradermal injection, identification
Ig
immunoglobulin, gamma (A, E, D, G or M)
IM
intramuscular (injection)
inf
infusion
instill
instillation (drops)
IPPB
intermittent positive pressure breathing
IPV
inactivated polio virus vaccine (injectable)
IUD
intrauterine device
IV
intravenous
IVC
intravenous catheter
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
I&D
incision and drainage
I&O
intake and output
KUB
kidney ureter bladder xray
lab
laboratory
LASER
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
LAVH
laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
LDH
lactose dehydrogenase (cardiac enzyme)
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
LH
luteinizing hormone
LP
lumbar puncture
MASER
microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
MFT
muscle function test
MMRV
measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NCS
nerve conduction study
OC
office call
OMT
osteopathic manipulative therapy
OPG
oculoplethysmography
OPV
oral polio vaccine
OREF
open reduction external fixation
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
O&P
ova and parasites test
P+V
pyloroplasty and vagotomy
Pap
papinocolaou test (smear); pulmonary artery pressure
PBI
protein bound iodine
PCTA
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
PCV
packed cell volume; pneumococcal vaccine
PE
physical examination
PET
positron emission tomography
PFT
pulmonary function test
