anatomical terms

Question 1

anatomical position

Answer 1

• body facing forward
• toes pointing forward
• feet shoulder-width apart
• palms facing forward

Question 2

anterior/ventral

Answer 2

front of the body or body part

Question 3

posterior/dorsal

Answer 3

back side of the body or body part or a structure that travels toward the backside of the body

Question 4

superior

Answer 4

toward or closer to the head

Question 5

inferior

Answer 5

away from head or towards tail

Question 6

proximal

Answer 6

closeness or proximity to origin

Question 7

distal

Answer 7

farness or distance from origin

Question 8

medial

Answer 8

closer to body’s midline

Question 9

lateral

Answer 9

father from body’s midline

Question 10

superficial

Answer 10

closer to skins surface

Question 11

deep

Answer 11

farther from skins surface

Question 12

Body cavities + Membranes

serous membrane (parietal + visceral layer)

Answer 12

sm: thin sheets of tissue forming fluid filled body cavities
pl: attached to body wall + surrounding structures (outer layer of sm)
vl: attached to specific organs (inner layer of sm)

Question 13

serous fluid

Answer 13

produced by cells of serous membranes that lubricates the organs so they move within the cavity with little friction

Question 14

anterior/ventral body cavity (thoracic + mediastinum)

Answer 14

abc: largely on front side of body
tc: superior to diaphragm + encompasses area encased by ribs
-parietal pleura: attached to body wall
-visceral pleura: attached to lungs
m: cavity b/w pleural cavities. houses pericardial membrane

Question 15

posterior/dorsal body cavity (cranial + vertebral cavity)

Answer 15

pbc: largely on back side of body
cc: area encased by skull + contains brain and cerebrospinal fluid
vc: encased my vertebrae + contains spinal cord and filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

Abdominopelvic Cavity

abdominal cavity

Answer 16

area superior to body pelvis + houses liver, gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, spleen + colon

Question 17

pelvic cavity

Answer 17

housed within bony pelvis and contains sex organs; urinary bladder, rectum, part of colon

Question 18

peritoneal cavity
(parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal)

Answer 18

pc: attached to body wall + surrounding structures
vp: attached to surface of the abdominal and pelvic organs
pc: found between 2 layers of peritoneal cavity + filled with serous fluid
ip: organs within peritoneal cavity
rp: organs posterior to peritoneal cavity

Question 19

planes of section

sagittal plane (midsagittal + paradagittal)

Answer 19

sp: divides specimen to right + left parts
ms: divides specimen EQUALLY into right + left halves
ps: divides specimen UNEQUALLY into right + left parts

Question 20

transverse plane (cross section/horizontal plane)

Answer 20

divides specimen into a superior (proximal) part or inferior (distal) part

Question 21

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 21

divides specimen into anterior or posterior parts

Question 22

organ systems + organs

cardiovascular system

Answer 22

blood, heart, blood vessels

Question 23

integumentary system

Answer 23

skin, hair, nails, + exocrine glands

Question 24

muscular system

Answer 24

bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, soft tissues

Question 25

skeletal system

Answer 25

bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Question 26

nervous system

Answer 26

nerves, brain, spinal cord

Question 27

endocrine system

Answer 27

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pineal body, ovaries and testes

Question 28

circulatory system

Answer 28

heart, lungs, arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels

Question 29

lymphatic system

Answer 29

thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen

Question 30

respiratory system

Answer 30

lungs, nose, mouth, throat, trachea, airway

Question 31

digestive system

Answer 31

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anus

liver, pancreas, gallbladder