anatomical terms Flashcards
anatomical position
- body facing forward
- toes pointing forward
- feet shoulder-width apart
- palms facing forward
anterior/ventral
front of the body or body part
posterior/dorsal
back side of the body or body part or a structure that travels toward the backside of the body
superior
toward or closer to the head
inferior
away from head or towards tail
proximal
closeness or proximity to origin
distal
farness or distance from origin
medial
closer to body’s midline
lateral
father from body’s midline
superficial
closer to skins surface
deep
farther from skins surface
Body cavities + Membranes
serous membrane (parietal + visceral layer)
sm: thin sheets of tissue forming fluid filled body cavities
pl: attached to body wall + surrounding structures (outer layer of sm)
vl: attached to specific organs (inner layer of sm)
serous fluid
produced by cells of serous membranes that lubricates the organs so they move within the cavity with little friction
anterior/ventral body cavity (thoracic + mediastinum)
abc: largely on front side of body
tc: superior to diaphragm + encompasses area encased by ribs
-parietal pleura: attached to body wall
-visceral pleura: attached to lungs
m: cavity b/w pleural cavities. houses pericardial membrane
posterior/dorsal body cavity (cranial + vertebral cavity)
pbc: largely on back side of body
cc: area encased by skull + contains brain and cerebrospinal fluid
vc: encased my vertebrae + contains spinal cord and filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Abdominopelvic Cavity
abdominal cavity
area superior to body pelvis + houses liver, gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, spleen + colon
pelvic cavity
housed within bony pelvis and contains sex organs; urinary bladder, rectum, part of colon
peritoneal cavity
(parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal)
pc: attached to body wall + surrounding structures
vp: attached to surface of the abdominal and pelvic organs
pc: found between 2 layers of peritoneal cavity + filled with serous fluid
ip: organs within peritoneal cavity
rp: organs posterior to peritoneal cavity
planes of section
sagittal plane (midsagittal + paradagittal)
sp: divides specimen to right + left parts
ms: divides specimen EQUALLY into right + left halves
ps: divides specimen UNEQUALLY into right + left parts
transverse plane (cross section/horizontal plane)
divides specimen into a superior (proximal) part or inferior (distal) part
frontal/coronal plane
divides specimen into anterior or posterior parts
organ systems + organs
cardiovascular system
blood, heart, blood vessels
integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, + exocrine glands
muscular system
bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, soft tissues
