anatomical terminology definitions Flashcards
describe standard anatomical position
a human standing, looking forward, palms forward with thumbs out, feet together and pointing forward
cranial
the skull
post-cranial
everything below the skull
axial skeleton
the bones of the trunk: skull, hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, and sternum
appendicular skeleton
bones of the limbs, including shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula) and innominates
sagittal plane
divides the body into symmetrical right and left halves
sagittal plane can also be called
midsagittal, median, or midline
coronal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior halves and is placed at right angles to the sagittal plane
coronal plane can also be called
frontal plane
transverse plane
slices through the body at any height but always passes perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes.
transverse plane can also be called
horizontal plane
superior
toward the head end of the hominid body
inferior
opposite of superior; for hominids, body parts away from the head
anterior
toward the front of the hominid body
posterior
toward the back
dorsal (has 2 options)
- back of hand, topic of foot
- towards the back of a quadruped
ventral
toward the belly
medial
toward the midline
lateral
away from the midline
proximal
nearest the axial skeleton
distal
farthest from axial skeleton
palmar
palm side of hand
plantar
sole of foot
caudal
towards the tail of a quadruped
endocranial
inner surface of cranial vault
ectocranial
outer surface of cranial vault
external
outer, closer to surface
internal
inner
subcutaneous
just below the skin
volar
hallow of hand or foot
extrinsic
external to that which it acts upon
intrinsic
internal to that which it acts upon
superficial
closer to the surface
deep
far from surface
