Anatomical Terminology & Connective Tissue Flashcards
Name the 4 major types of tissue
- Nervous
- Muscle
- Connective
- Epithelial
Name the 3 connective tissue proper
- Dense (helps link muscle to bone, bone to bone)
- Loose (Holds organs in place, attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues)
- Specialized (Encompasses various tissues e.g., bone, blood, adipose etc…)
Name the specialized types of connective tissue
- Cartilage (supporting)
- Bone (supporting)
- Blood (fluid)
- Adipose /Fatty (supporting
- Elastic (extensibility/elasticity)
- Haemopoietic/Lymphatic (fluid, produces ALL blood cells)
- Fibrous (dense, tendons, ligaments - collagen)
Main functions of connective tissue
- Bind & support e.g., bones, ligaments
- Protect & insulate e.g., fats
- Transport nutrients e.g., blood
Common features of connective tissue
Ground substance, Extracellular & Intracellular Matrix, protein fibres & cells (-blasts and -cytes, collagen, elastic)
What is the structure & purpose of ground substance?
Can be a fluid, gel or solid. Composed of proteoglycans: core protein chain and polysaccharide side chains (glycosaminoglycans).
Support of cells in matrix, binds cells together, active in development, movement, proliferation and metabolism of cells/tissue. Acts as a medium for substance exchange between cells.
What is the function of the matrix
- Provides support, acts as a suspension of macromolecules supporting local tissue growth and retaining homeostatic balance.
- Acts as a dynamic meshwork/scaffolding that allows cells to carry out their functions in adequate space.
- Gives each type of connective tissue its unique properties.
What is found in the matrix
Cells e.g., of bone: osteoblasts (immature - bone forming cells, produces more matrix), osteocytes (mature - maintain the matrix regulating local and systemic mineral homeostasis)
Protein Fibres:
Collagen - Thick fibres, provides strength & support, offers some flexibility
Elastic - Thin fibres, provides flexibility
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Fibro(us)
- Elastic
Where is hyaline cartilage commonly found?
What are its primary functions?
On the end of bones e.g., tibia, femur, ulna, radius.
Reduces friction/stops bones rubbing together
What is the difference between dense regular and irregular tissue
Dense regular has fibres located in one direction e.g., tendons, ligaments.
Dense irregular has fibres oriented in multiple directions e.g., dermis, deep fascia
Where is fibrocartilage commonly found?
Various joint sockets: Discs between vertebrae, C-shaped pads of the knee (meniscus) and lunate surface of acetabulum (hip).
Link the planes of movement to their corresponding axes.
Sagittal plane = rotation around/perpendicular to Transversal/Frontal/Mediolateral Axis
Frontal plane= Sagittal/Anteroposterior (AP) Axis
Traverse/Horizontal plane = Longitudinal/Vertical Axis
At the front is?
Anterior
At the back is?
Posterior
