Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
what is a tissue (general definition)
a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together preform a specific function
what are the types of tissues
epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve
what is epithelial tissue
made of epithelial cells; consists of skin, can cover organs, lines body cavities, and forms portions of some ducts and glands
what is the purpose of epithelial tissue
it protects the body from sunlight and pathogens, involved in secretion of sweat or hormones, involved in exchange and absorption (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
what are the three types of muscle tissue
voluntary, involuntary or smooth, and cardiac
what is voluntary muscle tissue
controlled by conscious effort
what is involuntary or smooth muscle tissue
works without conscious effort; found inside the digestive tract and inside veins and arteries
what is cardiac muscle tissue
specialized form of involuntary tissue found only in the heart
what is connective tissue and its purpose
consists of fat, cartilage, bone, blood, and scar tissue. its function is to connect and support other body structures.
what is fascia
a type of connective tissue that forms a membrane to surround muscles and organs to separate and support them
what is nerve tissue
made up of nerve cells and extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain
what is an organ
a somewhat independent body part that preforms a specific function
what does viscera mean
refers to larger internal organs especially in the abdominal cavity
name the body cavities
cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and the diaphragm
cranial cavity
houses brain and pituitary gland
spinal cavity
houses spinal cord
thoracic cavity
houses the lungs
abdominal cavity
houses the major digestive organs
pelvic cavity
houses urinary and reproductive organs
diaphragm
muscle-membrane wall that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
define dorsal and which body cavities belong
means, “back” or top line of the body, it includes the cranial and spinal cavities
define ventral and which body cavities belong
means, “toward the lower surface”, and includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
what is a body system
a group of organs functioning together for a common purpose
lymph system purpose
to carry nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gasses to and from body cells and providing protection and immunity from harmful organisms.
what is interstitial fluid and which system is it involved in
it is tissue fluid that surrounds the cells and it is involved in the lymph system by returning about 90% of this fluid back into the blood, the other 10% surrounds the cells
what are and what is the purpose of lymphatic vessels
these vessels absorb excess interstitial fluid and transport this fluid (lymph) to ducts that drain into veins
what are lymphocytes
white blood cells in lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues that are involved in immunity
what are and what is the purpose of lymph capillaries
they are the smallest vessels but produce vast networks in the intercellular spaces between most organs to collect fluid that will soon be lymph when in the vessel
what are and what is the purpose of lymph ducts
when lymph capillaries merge and they are carried into larger lymph vessels known as lymph ducts
where do the lymph ducts empty into
either enter into the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
what does the cardiovascular system do
pumps blood
what does the endocrine system do
secretes hormones
what are the major endocrine glands
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, kidney, overy/testis, and pancreas
what does the integumentary system include
skin, hair, claws, hooves, and sensory organs like eyes and ears
what is the purpose of the integumentary system
to regulate temperature and communicate touch
what is the musculoskeletal system and what does it do
includes the skeletal system which supports the body and the muscular system which carries out nerve commands
what is the purpose of the digestive system
to process food
what does the nervous system do
carries out nerve impulses to and from the brain
what does the respiratory system do
conducts oxygen into, and carbon dioxide out, of the body
reproductive system
allows organism to reproduce itself
urinary system
produces and excretes urine
