Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

what is a tissue (general definition)

Answer 1

a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together preform a specific function

Question 2

what are the types of tissues

Answer 2

epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve

Question 3

what is epithelial tissue

Answer 3

made of epithelial cells; consists of skin, can cover organs, lines body cavities, and forms portions of some ducts and glands

Question 4

what is the purpose of epithelial tissue

Answer 4

it protects the body from sunlight and pathogens, involved in secretion of sweat or hormones, involved in exchange and absorption (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Question 5

what are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 5

voluntary, involuntary or smooth, and cardiac

Question 6

what is voluntary muscle tissue

Answer 6

controlled by conscious effort

Question 7

what is involuntary or smooth muscle tissue

Answer 7

works without conscious effort; found inside the digestive tract and inside veins and arteries

Question 8

what is cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 8

specialized form of involuntary tissue found only in the heart

Question 9

what is connective tissue and its purpose

Answer 9

consists of fat, cartilage, bone, blood, and scar tissue. its function is to connect and support other body structures.

Question 10

what is fascia

Answer 10

a type of connective tissue that forms a membrane to surround muscles and organs to separate and support them

Question 11

what is nerve tissue

Answer 11

made up of nerve cells and extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain

Question 12

what is an organ

Answer 12

a somewhat independent body part that preforms a specific function

Question 13

what does viscera mean

Answer 13

refers to larger internal organs especially in the abdominal cavity

Question 14

name the body cavities

Answer 14

cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and the diaphragm

Question 15

cranial cavity

Answer 15

houses brain and pituitary gland

Question 16

spinal cavity

Answer 16

houses spinal cord

Question 17

thoracic cavity

Answer 17

houses the lungs

Question 18

abdominal cavity

Answer 18

houses the major digestive organs

Question 19

pelvic cavity

Answer 19

houses urinary and reproductive organs

Question 20

diaphragm

Answer 20

muscle-membrane wall that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 21

define dorsal and which body cavities belong

Answer 21

means, “back” or top line of the body, it includes the cranial and spinal cavities

Question 22

define ventral and which body cavities belong

Answer 22

means, “toward the lower surface”, and includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Question 23

what is a body system

Answer 23

a group of organs functioning together for a common purpose

Question 24

lymph system purpose

Answer 24

to carry nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gasses to and from body cells and providing protection and immunity from harmful organisms.

Question 25

what is interstitial fluid and which system is it involved in

Answer 25

it is tissue fluid that surrounds the cells and it is involved in the lymph system by returning about 90% of this fluid back into the blood, the other 10% surrounds the cells

Question 26

what are and what is the purpose of lymphatic vessels

Answer 26

these vessels absorb excess interstitial fluid and transport this fluid (lymph) to ducts that drain into veins

Question 27

what are lymphocytes

Answer 27

white blood cells in lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues that are involved in immunity

Question 28

what are and what is the purpose of lymph capillaries

Answer 28

they are the smallest vessels but produce vast networks in the intercellular spaces between most organs to collect fluid that will soon be lymph when in the vessel

Question 29

what are and what is the purpose of lymph ducts

Answer 29

when lymph capillaries merge and they are carried into larger lymph vessels known as lymph ducts

Question 30

where do the lymph ducts empty into

Answer 30

either enter into the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

Question 31

what does the cardiovascular system do

Answer 31

pumps blood

Question 32

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 32

secretes hormones

Question 33

what are the major endocrine glands

Answer 33

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, kidney, overy/testis, and pancreas

Question 34

what does the integumentary system include

Answer 34

skin, hair, claws, hooves, and sensory organs like eyes and ears

Question 35

what is the purpose of the integumentary system

Answer 35

to regulate temperature and communicate touch

Question 36

what is the musculoskeletal system and what does it do

Answer 36

includes the skeletal system which supports the body and the muscular system which carries out nerve commands

Question 37

what is the purpose of the digestive system

Answer 37

to process food

Question 38

what does the nervous system do

Answer 38

carries out nerve impulses to and from the brain

Question 39

what does the respiratory system do

Answer 39

conducts oxygen into, and carbon dioxide out, of the body

Question 40

reproductive system

Answer 40

allows organism to reproduce itself

Question 41

urinary system

Answer 41

produces and excretes urine