Anatomical terminology Flashcards
What are the sagittal, coronal, transverse and oblique planes?
The sagittal plane is a vertical line that divides the body into left and right. The coronal plane is a vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. The transverse plane divides the body into a superior and inferior section. Lastly, the oblique plane can be thought of as a line passing through the body at an angle.
What are the relations between superior-inferior; proximal-distal; lateral-medial and anterior-posterior?
The relationship between superior and inferior is that superior is cranial directed or above, and inferior is downward directed. Proximal means closer to the trunk and distal further from the trunk. Lateral is further from the midline and medial is closer to the midline. Anterior and posterior relates to front and behind.
What is meant by superficial or deep?
Superficial relates to something closer to the body surface, while deep relates to something further form the body surface.
What is meant by abduction and adduction?
Abduction relates to movement away from the midline. Whereas adduction is movement towards the midline.
What is meant by flexion and extension?
Flexion decreases the angle between two body parts. Extension increases the angle between two body parts.
What is medial and lateral rotation?
Medial rotation is rotation towards the midline, while lateral rotation is rotation away from the midline.
What are protonated and supinated positions?
Protonated can be thought of as lying prone (on front face) and supinated is lying on back face.
What is the relationship between elevation, depression, protraction and retraction?
Elevation means to move superiorly, while depression is to move inferiorly. Protraction is to move anteriorly while retraction is to move posteriorly.
What are the movements of the hands and feet?
The movements of the feet include dorsiflexion (movement of the dorsum of the foot towards the shin. While plantar flexion is the depression of the foot and elevation of the heel. Furthermore, inversion is the movement of the foot medially and eversion laterally. The hand is move specific in its movement than the feet as the thumb can move in multiple planes. Adduction and abduction of the thumb occur along the sagittal plane. Flexion and extension occur along the coronal plane. And opposition and reposition involve movement of the thumb towards the pinky finger.
What are the functions of the dorsal and ventral cavities?
The dorsal cavity is divided into a cranial and a vertebral cavity with a role in protecting of the central nervous system. The ventral cavity can be subdivided into a thoracic and an abdominopelvic cavity with a role in protection of the internal organs.
What are the contents of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
The contents of the thoracic cavity include pleural cavity (with each lung); The mediastinal cavity (containing the oesophagus, trachea and thymus) and the pleaural cavity (containing the heart). The abdominopelvic cavity comprises the abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines, spleen and kidneys. The pelvic cavity comprises the distal portion of the large intestine, the bladder and reproductive organs.
What are a few other body cavities and their contents?
A number of other body cavities exist; The oral cavity houses the teeth and tongue; The nasal cavity contains the sinuses; The orbital cavity contains the eyes and the middle ear contains the middle ear bones.
What is circumduction and which joint allows this?
Circumduction is a word used to describe the movement of a distal body part of the appendicular skeleton in a circle, this is only seen in the shoulder and metacarbo joints.
What is meant by rotation?
Rotation is used to describe a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis.
