Anatomical Terminologies

Question 1

What are the anatomical coordinate terms for DIRECTION?

Answer 1

Right ( y < 0)

Left ( y > 0)

Question 2

What are some terms that are used to describe the body in anatomy?

Answer 2

Directions
Orientations
Planes

Question 3

What are the different pairs of terminologies that mean the same?

Answer 3

Superior= Cranial
Inferior= Caudal
Anterior= Ventral
Posterior= Dorsal

Question 4

How do you define the origin of the coordinate system?

Answer 4

At the center of mass of the body

Question 5

What does Superior (cranial) mean?

Answer 5

Towards the head or above

larger z

Question 6

What does Inferior mean?

Answer 6

away from the head

smaller z

Question 7

What does Anterior mean?

Answer 7

towards or from the front of the body

larger x

Question 8

What does Posterior mean?

Answer 8

towards or from the back

smaller x

Question 9

What does medial mean?

Answer 9

nearer to the midline of the body

smaller |y|

Question 10

What does Lateral mean?

Answer 10

further from the midline

towards larger |y|

Question 11

Which terminologies describe the distance from the point of attachment?

Answer 11

Proximal

Distal

Question 12

What does Proximal mean?

Answer 12

nearer to the point of attachment

smaller r

Question 13

What does Distal mean?

Answer 13

further from the point of attachment

larger r

Question 14

Which directional terms describe the local surface of the body?

Answer 14

Superficial and Deep

Question 15

What does Superficial mean?

Answer 15

towards or on the surface of the body

smaller p

Question 16

What does Deep mean?

Answer 16

away from the surface

towards larger p

Question 17

Which regional terms refer to a specific region in the body?

Answer 17

Brachium

Question 18

What does Brachium mean?

Answer 18

It is the region between the shoulder & elbow joints

Question 19

What do the terms triceps and biceps refer to?

Answer 19

they refer to any muscles with 2 or 3 points of origin

Question 20

What terms are used to describe 2D planes, cuts or sections?

Answer 20

Transverse
Horizontal section
Sagittal
Midsagittal
Frontal or Coronal

Question 21

What does Sagittal mean?

Answer 21

separates body into right and left

constant is y

Question 22

What is Midsagittal?

Answer 22

Is the midline

y=0

Question 23

What is the frontal or coronal section?

Answer 23

separates body into anterior & posterior

with constant x

Question 24

What is the degree of freedom?

Answer 24

describes the # of planes that a joint can move

Question 25

How does the body have 6 degrees of freedom?

Answer 25

through joints also known as articulation

Question 26

What are the 2 types of articulations?

Answer 26

Fibrous (bones joined by connective connective tissue)

Cartilaginous (bones joined by cartilage)

Question 27

How many degrees of angular motion does a ball & socket joint have?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Name 2 types of ball-and-socket joints.

Answer 28

Condyloid

Ellipsoidal

Question 29

How many degrees of angular motion do saddle joints have?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

How many degrees of freedom does the knee joint have?

Answer 30

one

Question 31

What kind of joint is the ankle and how many degrees of freedom does it have?

Answer 31

two DOF and it is a saddle joint

Question 32

What do tendons connect?

Answer 32

muscles to bones

Question 33

Where are muscles connected?

Answer 33

at the points of origin and insertion via tendons.

Question 34

What does Pronation mean?

Answer 34

front facing hand rotates towards the body

Question 35

What is Supination?

Answer 35

away from the body