Anatomical Terminologies Flashcards
What are the anatomical coordinate terms for DIRECTION?
Right ( y < 0)
Left ( y > 0)
What are some terms that are used to describe the body in anatomy?
Directions
Orientations
Planes
What are the different pairs of terminologies that mean the same?
Superior= Cranial Inferior= Caudal Anterior= Ventral Posterior= Dorsal
How do you define the origin of the coordinate system?
At the center of mass of the body
What does Superior (cranial) mean?
Towards the head or above
larger z
What does Inferior mean?
away from the head
smaller z
What does Anterior mean?
towards or from the front of the body
larger x
What does Posterior mean?
towards or from the back
smaller x
What does medial mean?
nearer to the midline of the body
smaller |y|
What does Lateral mean?
further from the midline
towards larger |y|
Which terminologies describe the distance from the point of attachment?
Proximal
Distal
What does Proximal mean?
nearer to the point of attachment
smaller r
What does Distal mean?
further from the point of attachment
larger r
Which directional terms describe the local surface of the body?
Superficial and Deep
What does Superficial mean?
towards or on the surface of the body
smaller p
What does Deep mean?
away from the surface
towards larger p
Which regional terms refer to a specific region in the body?
Brachium
What does Brachium mean?
It is the region between the shoulder & elbow joints
What do the terms triceps and biceps refer to?
they refer to any muscles with 2 or 3 points of origin
What terms are used to describe 2D planes, cuts or sections?
Transverse Horizontal section Sagittal Midsagittal Frontal or Coronal
What does Sagittal mean?
separates body into right and left
constant is y
What is Midsagittal?
Is the midline
y=0
What is the frontal or coronal section?
separates body into anterior & posterior
with constant x
What is the degree of freedom?
describes the # of planes that a joint can move
How does the body have 6 degrees of freedom?
through joints also known as articulation
What are the 2 types of articulations?
Fibrous (bones joined by connective connective tissue)
Cartilaginous (bones joined by cartilage)
How many degrees of angular motion does a ball & socket joint have?
3
Name 2 types of ball-and-socket joints.
Condyloid
Ellipsoidal
How many degrees of angular motion do saddle joints have?
2
How many degrees of freedom does the knee joint have?
one
What kind of joint is the ankle and how many degrees of freedom does it have?
two DOF and it is a saddle joint
What do tendons connect?
muscles to bones
Where are muscles connected?
at the points of origin and insertion via tendons.
What does Pronation mean?
front facing hand rotates towards the body
What is Supination?
away from the body
