Anatomical Structure and Function (Lectures 1-10)

Question 1

Forebrain

Answer 1

Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)

Diencephalon

Question 2

Brainstem

Answer 2

Midbrain

Hindbrain (Pons, and Medulla)

Question 3

The cerebellum contains …..% of neurons

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

Grey matter

Answer 4

Neuron cell bodies

Question 5

Nuclei (CNS) and ganglia (PNS)

Answer 5

Aggregations of cell bodies

Question 6

Gyri

Answer 6

Peaks (gy = turn, twist)

Question 7

Sulci

Answer 7

Valleys (sulc = groove)

Question 8

Fissure

Answer 8

A deep sulcus

Separates large region of the brain

Question 9

Central Sulcus

Answer 9

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

Question 10

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 10

Primary motor cortex (movement centre)

Gyrus in frontal lobe directly before the central sulcus

Question 11

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 11

Primary somatosensory cortex (sensation from the body)

Gyrus in parietal lobe directly after the central sulcus

Question 12

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 12

Separates the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 13

Lateral sulcus

Answer 13

Separates the parietal and temporal lobes

Question 14

Transverse Fissure

Answer 14

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 15

Insula

Answer 15

Area buried deep within the lateral sulcus

Question 16

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 16

separates the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 17

The spinal cord extends from the ………………………….. to the first or second ……………………… vertebrae

Answer 17

foramen magnum, lumbar

Question 18

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 18

31

Question 19

Name the two enlargements of the spinal cord

Answer 19

Cervical enlargement and Lumbar enlargement.

Where the nerves to the limbs arise

Question 20

Conus medullaris (medullary cone)

Answer 20

End of the spinal cord

Question 21

Filum Terminale

Answer 21

Extends from the conus medullaris to the posterior surface of the coccyx.
Anchors the spinal cord

Question 22

Cauda Equina

Answer 22

The collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal. (Because after birth the vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord).

Question 23

Posterior median sulcus

Answer 23

‘top’ of a cross section of the spinal cord, dorsal

Question 24

Anterior median fissure

Answer 24

‘bottom’ of a cross section of the spinal cord, ventral

Question 25

Dorsal (posterior) horns

Answer 25

Sensory input

Question 26

Ventral (anterior) horns

Answer 26

Motor output

Question 27

Spinal nerves are made up of:

Answer 27

The dorsal root ganglion (afferent fibers) and the ventral root (efferent fibers)

Question 28

White matter in the spinal cord is separated into:

Answer 28

columns (dorsal, lateral, and anterior)

Question 29

Paralysis

Answer 29

loss of motor function (damage in ventral horns)

Question 30

Paresthesias

Answer 30

Sensory loss (damage in dorsal horns)

Question 31

High tetraplegia

Answer 31

Injury at C1 - C4, can’t breathe

Question 32

Low tetraplegia

Answer 32

Injury at C5-C8, can breathe

Question 33

Paraplegia

Answer 33

Thoracic, lumbar, or sacral injury