Anatomical Reference System Flashcards
The plane in which the body is seperated into upper and lower parts (superior and inferior)
Transverse Plane
The plane in which the body is seperated into front and back parts
Frontal ( Coronal) Plane
The plane in with the body is seperated into right and left parts
Midsagittal Plane
Ventral
front of the body
Dorsal
back of the body
Anterior
in front
posterior
back
Superior
uppermost, above, towards the head
Cephalic
toewards the head
Caudal
towards the lower part of the body
proximal
nearest the midline (midsagittal plane)
Distal
farthest from the midline ( midsagittal)
Medial
direction towards or nearest the midline (midsagittal)
Lateral
direction toward or nerrest the side of the body away from the midline (midsagittal)
The Dorsal cavity contains which of the body cavities?
Spinal cavity
Cranial cavity
The Ventral Cavity contains which of the body cavities?
Thoracic cavity
Diaphram
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Located along the back sie of the body and contains the organs of the nervous system
Dorsal Cavity
Within the skull , protects the brain
Cranial Cavity
within the spinal column, protects the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
Located along the front of the body, contains the organs that sustain homeostasis
Ventral Cavity
chest cavity or thorax
thoracic cavity
formed by the hip bones, contains the organs of the reproductive system
pelvic cavity
The basic structure and functional unit of the body
cells
A group of similarly specialized cells that join to perform certain specific functions
Tissues
Somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
Organs
Surrounds and protects the cell contents from external environment
Cell membrane
Material within the cell membrane, not part of the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Controls activites of the cell
Nucleus
Stem cells differ from other cells because of two characteristics, what are they?
- Unspeciallized cell able to renew themselves for long periods of time (normal cells have specialized roles and die off)
- May be transformed into cells with special functions such as cells of the heart (heartbeat) or pancreas (insulin production).
What are the four main types of tissue and thier functions?
Epithelial Tissue: protective covering for the internal and external surfaces of the body
Conncetive Tissue: Support and connect organs and other body tissues
Muscular Tissue: Contains cells specialized to contract and relax
Nerve Tissue: Contains cells specialized to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
A group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions.
Glands
What are the Major types of Glands and their functions?
Exocrine glands: secrete chemical substances into the ducts that lead to other organs or outside of the body
Endocrine glands: produce hormones, do not have ducts
