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M&S > Anatomical pathology > Flashcards

Anatomical pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A chemical mediator of acute inflammation released from mast cells, which causes increased vascular permeability.

A

Histamine

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2
Q

Abnormal (protein rich) fluid accumulation as a result of increased vascular permeability

A

Exudate

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3
Q

In acute inflammation, neutrophils and leukocytes enter the interstitial tissues by means of this method.

A

diapedesis

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4
Q

Thiamine (vitamin B1 deficiency) is associated with

A

Beriberi

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5
Q

Findings associated with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

A

Accelerated atherosclerosis
and micro-angiopathy → MI,
stroke, PVD
* Renal – glomerulosclerosis →
chronic renal failure
* Retinopathy, cataract,
glaucoma
* Infections (renal, other, NB
fungi)

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6
Q

Delayed healing may result from

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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7
Q

Features of kwashiorkor include

A

Fatty liver
Muscle wasting
Depigmented hair
Predisposition to infection

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8
Q

Thiamine deficiency :
Niacin deficiency :
Vitamin C :
Vitamin D
Vitamin K :

A

Thiamine deficiency : Beri beri
Niacin deficiency : Pellagra
Vitamin C : Scurvy
Vitamin D : Rickets
Vitamin K : Haemorrage

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9
Q

Non-insulin dependent diabetes
a) is typical in obese patients
b) causes ketoacidosis
c) implies relative insulin resistance
d) linked to viral infection
e) shows twin concordance

A

a, c, e

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10
Q

Acute inflammation may cause

A

Resolution
Formation of an absess
Raised ESR

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11
Q

Pellagra is due to lack of

A

Niacin

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12
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
a) May impede healing
b) give rise to hyperosmolar coma
c) cause peripheral vascular disease
d) may demonstrate destruction of B cells in pancreas
e) mostly associated w obesity

A

a ,d

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13
Q

With respect to healing and repair:
a) an example of a permanent cell is a hepatocyte
b) granulation tissue is a mixture of macrophages, stem cells and myofibroblasts
c) kwashiorkor may influence efficient repair
d) combined chronic inflammation and granulation tissue impairs healing
e) scar must contain mature collagen

A

a) false - Differentiate into all “blood”
cells
b) false - proliferating fibroblasts and new
blood vessels
c) true
d) false
e) true

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14
Q

Common complications of obesity include :

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Atheroschlerosis
Gallstones

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15
Q

The dominant cell in acute suppurative inflammation

A

Neutrophil

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16
Q

reversible transformation of one type of terminally diff cell into another type of fully diff cell which is usually less specialised.

A

Metaplasia

17
Q

In assessing the prognosis of a malignant tumour , this refers to the degree in which the tumour resembles the tissue from which it has arisen.

A

Grading

18
Q

An increase in organ size due to an increase in the size of the component cells

A

Hypertrophy

19
Q

Metaplasia
a) equivalent to dysplasia
b) identified in smokers
c) identified in chronically irritated epithelium
d) feature of pregnancy
e) characteristic of Barret’s oesophagus

A

a) false
b) true
c) false , hyperplasia
d) false , hyperplasia
e) true

20
Q

Neoplasms of epithelial origins
a) sarcoma
b) lymphoma
c) papilloma
d) adenoma
e) carcinoma

A

Benign epithelial tumours can be papillomas or
adenomas.
Malignant epithelial tumours are carcinomas.

21
Q

Grade of a malignant neoplasm refers to

A

Mitotic activity
* Nuclear size and pleomorphism
* Degree of differentiation (resemblance to normal tissue)

22
Q

With respect to carcinomas
a) spread through lymph nodes
b) defined in pre-malignant stage
c) initiated by hyperplasia
d) caused by certain viruses
e) grade by the TNM system

A

a) True
B) True
c) false , dysplasia
d)True
e) true

23
Q

Malignant neoplasms evidence

A

Pleomorphism
Metastasis
Compression
Necrosis

24
Q

Acute inflammation may be followed by :

A

Resolution (usual result)
* Suppuration
* Repair and organisation
* Results in fibrosis
* Chronic inflammation

25
Q

Acute inflammation is characterised by :

A

Heat
redness
swelling
pain

26
Q

Tissue which is highly sensitive to damage by radiation

A

Endothelium

27
Q

Malignant tumours of CT (sarcoma) spread by this route

A

Blood

28
Q

Primary TB:
a) transmission by inhalation
B) apical lesions cause hemoptysis
c) diagnostic lesion is miliary
d) lesion may develop at any age
e) most common outcome is pulmonary empyema

A

a

29
Q

The focus of post-primary tuberculosis most commonly arises in this part of the lung.

A

Apical region

30
Q

The first cells to arrive at an area of acute inflammation.

A

Neutrophils

M&S (1 decks)

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