Anatomical Pathology Flashcards
Which fixative is most commonly used in cytology samples
Ethyl alcohol
Name 3 techniques used to handle breast cytology specimens
• six slide technique (nipple secretions smeared with slide push technique)
• cylocentrifuge technique (secretions in clean covered container, need 2 ml )
• Fna (masses)
How should cytology samples be collected for effusions
• Fresh fluid better
• otherwise add 3 units heparin per ml of fluid and in fridge
• 30 -100 ml needed
How should cytology samples be collected for sputum
• Deep cough
• 3 consecutive morning specimens best
How should cytology samples be collected for CSF
1-3 ml needed, send promptly within an hour
If suspect lymphoproliferative disorder, submit to haematopathology
Only send to cytology for suspected malignancy (meningitis to microbiology )
Name 5 good sites for FNA
• Breast
• lung
• thyroid
• lymph nodes
• salivary glands
Name the 2 routine stains used in cytology
• Papanicolaou (pap)
• diff-quik (dq)
Which substance and how is used for specimen fixation in anatomical pathology
10% buffered formalin
Use 1ml for every 10 ml specimen
Penetration at 1 mm/hour
Which tissues can’t be examined by frozen section (2)
• bone
• calcified tissue
Name 5 documents needed for post mortem autopsy by anatomical pathology
•Family consent
• signed permission by hospital superintendent
• application by medical practitioner
• clinical summary
• death certificate - natural causes
Name 4 types small biopsy specimens
Quick fixation and penetration of formalin
- punch biopsy (2-3mm)
- endoscopic biopsy (stomach, oesophagus, lower GIT)
- True cut or core biopsies from breast masses
- liver masses: core needle
- bone marrow biopsy
Name Specialised staining methods used in cytology specimens (4)
- ziel Neelson for TB
- PAS-D and Mucicarmine for mucin, can diagnose fungal infections like Candida
- Prussian blue for iron
