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Anthropologie Midterm > Anatomical Organization > Flashcards

Anatomical Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A 
Supine = on back
Prone = on stomach
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2
Q

Transverse / Horizontal / Axial

A

Cut into Upper / Inferior

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3
Q

Sagittal (not center)

A

Mid-sagittal (right down the middle)

Cuts into Right and left sides

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4
Q

Coronal / Frontal

A

Cuts into front and back. (laying on side)

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5
Q

Directional Terms

A

Posterior (dorsal)
Anterior (ventral)

Superior / Cranial / Cephalic
Inferior / Caudal

Medial / Lateral

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6
Q

Directional Terms

A

Posterior (dorsal)
Anterior (ventral)

Superior / Cranial / Cephalic
Inferior / Caudal

Medial / Lateral

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the center

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the center

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9
Q

Examples of proximal / Distal

A

Extremities: elbow is distal to shoulder / elbow is proximal to wrist

GI Tract: proximal is close to mouth / stomach is proximal to intestines / distal would be anus

Circulatory System: Proximal close to heart
Vessels near heart are proximal to vessels in fingers

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10
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the skin

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11
Q

Deep

A

Internal or away from skin

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12
Q

Hypo

A

Below

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13
Q

Hyper

A

Above / epi

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14
Q

Cavities

A 
Cranial Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
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15
Q

Linings

A 
Parietal = lining of cavity
Visceral = lining of organ
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16
Q

Abdominal Region

A

R Upper Quadrant / L Upper Quadrant

R Lower Quadrant / L Lower Quadrant

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17
Q

Abdominal Region

A

R Hypocondrial / Epigastric / L Hypocondrial
R Lumbar / Umbilical / L Lumbar
R Iliac / Hypogastric / L Iliac

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18
Q

Regions (Head)

A

Cephalic (head)

Facial

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19
Q

Regions (Spine)

A

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (mid back)
Lumbar (low back)
Sacral (bone lower)

20
Q

Regions (Arm)

A 
Clavicular (collarbone)
Axillary (arm pit)
Brachial (arm)
Cubital (elbow)
ante-brachial (forarm)
Carpal (wrist)
Palmar / dorsum (top) Hand
21
Q

Region (whole body)

A 
Sternal 
pectoral 
abdominal 
Pelvic 
Pubic
Gluteal
Inguinal
22
Q

Regions (lower extermities)

A 
Thigh
Leg (below knee)
Poplateal (knee)
tarsal (ankle)
Pedal (dorsum / planter): top and bottom of foot
23
Q

Organization

A 
Atom
Molecule 
Organelles
Cells (smallest unit of life)
Tissues 
Organs
Systems 
Body (organism)
24
Q

Systems of Body

A 
Integumentary System
Skeletal 
Muscular
nervous 
endocrine
Circulatory (cardiovascular)
lymphatic (immune)
respiratory 
digestive 
urinary 
reproductive
25
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Double Phospholipid Membrain

26
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything inside cell membrane

- Cytosols and organells

27
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid part of Cytoplasm

28
Q

Organelles

A
  1. Nucleus (brain / DNA)
  2. Mytochondria (powerhouse / Makes ATP energy)
  3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes make proteins)
  4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (transports through smooth)
  5. Golgi Body (packages everything for transport)
  6. Lysosomes (trash collectors / filled with enzymes
29
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic study of tissues

30
Q

Histology Types

A

Epithelum
Muscle
Nerve
Connective

31
Q

epithelium

A

Lining of a surface

cells tightly packed

32
Q

Epithelium Types

A

Squamous (simple / stratified)
Cuboidal (simple / stratified)
Columnar (simple / psuedostratified)
Transitional ( always stratified, only in urinary system, can stretch)

33
Q

Histology - Muscle - Skeletal

A

stratified
parallel fibers
multi nucleated
voluntary

34
Q

Histology - Muscle - Cardiac

A

Stratified
Branch fibers
Intercalated discs (electrical impulse)
Involuntary

35
Q

Histology- Muscle - Smooth

A

non striated
spindle shaped
single nuclei
involuntary (digestive system)

36
Q

Histology - Nerve

A

Brain / Spinal Cord / Nerves

axon / cell body (soma) / Dendrites

37
Q

Connective

A

Fluid
Proper / Fibrous
Supportive

38
Q

Connective - Fluid

A

Blood (RBC, WBC, Platlet / Plasma

Lymph (Lymphatic Fluid, Lymphocytes)

39
Q

Connective - Proper / Fibrous

A 
Dense
- Regular (tendon / ligament)
- Irregular (dermis of skin)
- elastic (arteries) 
Loose
- adipose
- reticular (supports lymph organs)
- areolar (supportive)
40
Q

Connective - Supportive

A

Cartilage

  • Hyaline Cartilage (firm)
  • fibrocartilage (discs in back)
  • Elastic (ear)

Bone

  • Osteon (functional unit of bone)
  • Osteocyte (bone cell) surrounded by lacune
  • Lamella (rings)
  • Canaliculi (squiggles going out)
  • Central Canal (haversiah canal)
41
Q

Epiphyseal Plates

A

Growth Plates

in adults Epiphyseal lines

42
Q

Osteoclast

A

Eats up bone

43
Q

Osteoblast

A

Builds up bone / birth bone

44
Q

Integumentary System

A

Epidermis - Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Dermis - Dense irregular connective
Hypodermis - Adipose

45
Q

Epidermis

A 
Stratum Corneum (keratin)
Stratum Lucidum (clear) only palm and sole
Stratum Granulosum (granular)
Stratum Spinosum (thicket)
Stratum Basale ( melanocytes)
46
Q

Sudorferous Glands

A

Eccrine (merocine) / Sweat Gland

Apocrine / Stinky Sweat Gland (pubic , axillary)

Anthropologie Midterm (3 decks)

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