Anatomical Movements Flashcards
Flexion
A decrease in the angle between two body segments
Dorsiflexion
Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers
Plantarflexion
Extension of the ankle, pointing of the foot and toes
Extension
An increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion
Hyperextension
Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
Abduction
Movement of a body part away from the midline
Midline
An imaginary longitudinal line that travels down the center of the body
Adduction
Movement of a body part toward the midline
Rotation
Circular movement of a body segment about a long axis
Pronation
Assuming a facedown position
Turning the palm face-down
Rolling the ankle inward
Opposite of supination
Supination
Assuming a horizontal position facing upward
Turning the palm face-up
Rolling the ankle outward
Opposite of pronation
Eversion
Turning outward, as of the sole of the foot
Inversion
Turning inward, as of the sole of the foot
<p>Circumduction</p>
<p>Movement of a part, e.g., an extremity, in a circular direction</p>
Saggital Plane
Front to back
Frontal Plane
Side to side
Transverse Plane
Up and down
What’s the difference between eversion/inversion and pronation/supination?
Eversion/inversion happen at your heel; it’s just the movement of the ankle at the heel
Pronation/supination is the compound movement of the whole foot (which rarely happens in isolation); this is likely the more accurate term since parts rarely act in isolation
“Inversion occurs at the hindfoot (heel) as the calcaneous/heel moves in the direction that the bottom of your foot faces inward. When this happens in excess, an inversion sprain and/or an injury somewhere up the chain is likely to occur.
Eversion also occurs at the hindfoot, but instead of the heel facing inwards, it faces outward. And like with inversion, an injury may occur with excessive movement and/or stress in this direction.
The thing is, these motions rarely, if ever, occur in isolation so the terms pronation/supination may be more applicable when discuss closed kinetic chain movement(s) at the foot/ankle.
Supination is made up of inversion of the hindfoot, adduction of the forefoot, and plantarflexion of the talocrural (ankle) regions.
Pronation is made up of eversion of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, and dorsiflexion of the talocrural (ankle) regions.
Remember, pronation and supination are necessary motions for proper foot/ankle function, as well as closed kinetic chain mechanics. But they must occur at the appropriate times and at the appropriate degrees to ensure sound movement. Pronation is necessary for force absorbtion, while supination is necessary for force production.”
https://mikedavisdpt.typepad.com/michael_davis_dpt/2009/04/inversioneversion-or-supinationpronation.html