Anatomical Movements

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

A decrease in the angle between two body segments

Question 2

Dorsiflexion

Answer 2

Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers

Question 3

Plantarflexion

Answer 3

Extension of the ankle, pointing of the foot and toes

Question 4

Extension

Answer 4

An increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion

Question 5

Hyperextension

Answer 5

Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit

Question 6

Abduction

Answer 6

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Question 7

Midline

Answer 7

An imaginary longitudinal line that travels down the center of the body

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

Movement of a body part toward the midline

Question 9

Rotation

Answer 9

Circular movement of a body segment about a long axis

Question 10

Pronation

Answer 10

Assuming a facedown position

Turning the palm face-down

Rolling the ankle inward

Opposite of supination

Question 11

Supination

Answer 11

Assuming a horizontal position facing upward

Turning the palm face-up

Rolling the ankle outward

Opposite of pronation

Question 12

Eversion

Answer 12

Turning outward, as of the sole of the foot

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

Turning inward, as of the sole of the foot

Question 14

<p>Circumduction</p>

Answer 14

<p>Movement of a part, e.g., an extremity, in a circular direction</p>

Question 15

Saggital Plane

Answer 15

Front to back

Question 16

Frontal Plane

Answer 16

Side to side

Question 17

Transverse Plane

Answer 17

Up and down

Question 18

What’s the difference between eversion/inversion and pronation/supination?

Answer 18

Eversion/inversion happen at your heel; it’s just the movement of the ankle at the heel

Pronation/supination is the compound movement of the whole foot (which rarely happens in isolation); this is likely the more accurate term since parts rarely act in isolation

“Inversion occurs at the hindfoot (heel) as the calcaneous/heel moves in the direction that the bottom of your foot faces inward. When this happens in excess, an inversion sprain and/or an injury somewhere up the chain is likely to occur.

Eversion also occurs at the hindfoot, but instead of the heel facing inwards, it faces outward. And like with inversion, an injury may occur with excessive movement and/or stress in this direction.

The thing is, these motions rarely, if ever, occur in isolation so the terms pronation/supination may be more applicable when discuss closed kinetic chain movement(s) at the foot/ankle.

Supination is made up of inversion of the hindfoot, adduction of the forefoot, and plantarflexion of the talocrural (ankle) regions.

Pronation is made up of eversion of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, and dorsiflexion of the talocrural (ankle) regions.

Remember, pronation and supination are necessary motions for proper foot/ankle function, as well as closed kinetic chain mechanics. But they must occur at the appropriate times and at the appropriate degrees to ensure sound movement. Pronation is necessary for force absorbtion, while supination is necessary for force production.”

https://mikedavisdpt.typepad.com/michael_davis_dpt/2009/04/inversioneversion-or-supinationpronation.html