Anatomical Development of Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain+ spinal cord

Question 2

Spinal Cord

Answer 2

• connected to the brainstem
• runs through the spinal canal
• carries signal between brains and peripheral nerves

Question 3

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 3

surrounds brain and spinal cord and circulates within ventricles. It’s btwn 2 meningeal layers: pia matter + the arachnoid

Question 4

Leptomeninges

Answer 4

surround the brain and the spinal cord

Question 5

Myelin

Answer 5

coats nerve cells to insulate and to communicate quickly

Question 6

Cerebrum

Answer 6

largest part of the brain, it’s divided into 2 hemispheres that are connected by the corpus callosum

Question 7

Sulci

Answer 7

grooves on cerebral cortex

Question 8

Efferent fibers

Answer 8

leave cortex to conduct impulses to other areas

Question 9

Afferent fibers

Answer 9

they approach cerebral cortex from other areas

Question 10

Hippocampus

Answer 10

located in temporal lobe, participates in processing of memory and emotions

Question 11

Basal Ganglia

Answer 11

gray matter + caudate nucleus + lenticular nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus)

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

integrates and relays sensory info to cortex of parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Also participates in motor and memory control.

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

regulates autonomic functions and secretes hormones to suppress or stimulate hormones of pituitary gland

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

control equilibrium, generation of muscle tone, participates in some types of memory, and influence music and math skills

Question 15

Brainstem

Answer 15

connects brain with spinal cord

Question 16

Structure of spinal cord (PNS)

Answer 16

30 segments in 4 sections

Question 17

Cervical nerves

Answer 17

8: head, neck, shoulders, arms and hands.

Question 18

Thoracic nerves

Answer 18

12: part of the arms, anterior and posterior chest and abdominal areas

Question 19

Lumbar nerves

Answer 19

5: legs and feet and some pelvic organs

Question 20

Sacral nerves

Answer 20

5: lower back and buttocks, pelvic organs and genital areas, and parts of legs and feet

Question 21

Neural Tube

Answer 21

the baby’s part that is going to become the brain and spinal cord

Question 22

Spinal bifida

Answer 22

when baby is in the womb, spinal column doesn’t close completely, can cause paralysis

Question 23

Ancephaly

Answer 23

when baby is in the womb, most of the brain and skull don’t develop, babies don’t survive

Question 24

Gastrulation

Answer 24

process from bilaminar to trilaminar embryonic dics, going from epiblast+hypoblast to ectoderm+mesoderm+endoderm

Question 25

Neurulation

Answer 25

the neural plate of the ectoderm becomes the neural tube, from which the CNS develops in babies