Anatomic Terms Related to Bones

Question 1

appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue)

Question 3

bone

Answer 3

specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells); forms the skeleton

Question 4

Types of Bone Tissue

compact bone

Answer 4

tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones

Question 5

Types of Bone Tissue

spongy/cancellous bone

Answer 5

mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity

Question 6

Classification of Bones

long bones

Answer 6

bones of the arms and legs

Question 7

Classification of Bones

short bones

Answer 7

bones of the wrist and ankles

Question 8

Classification of Bones

flat bones

Answer 8

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

Question 9

Classification of Bones

irregular bones

Answer 9

bones of the vertebrae and face

Question 10

Classification of Bones

sesamoid bones

Answer 10

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)

Question 11

Parts of a Long Bone

epiphysis

Answer 11

wide ends of a long bone (physis=growth)

Question 12

Parts of a Long Bone

diaphysis

Answer 12

shaft of long bone

Question 13

Parts of a Long Bone

metaphysis

Answer 13

growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone

Question 14

Parts of a Long Bone

endosteum

Answer 14

membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone

Question 15

Parts of a Long Bone

medullary cavity

Answer 15

cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow

Question 16

Parts of a Long Bone

bone marrow

Answer 16

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones

Question 17

Parts of a Long Bone

red bone marrow

Answer 17

functions to form RBCs, some WBCs, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infants and the flat bones in adults

Question 18

Parts of a Long Bone

yellow bone marrow

Answer 18

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

Question 19

Parts of a Long Bone

periosteum

Answer 19

a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone

Question 20

Parts of a Long Bone

articular cartilage

Answer 20

a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate