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Anatomy > Anatomic Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomic Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Standing erect with feet parallel, arms by the sides with palms facing forward. Head faces forward and gaze is straight ahead

A

Anatomic Position

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2
Q

Midsagittal, vertically oriented, divides body into equal right and left halves

A

Median Plane

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3
Q

Parasagittal, vertically oriented, parallel to median plane, divides body into unequal right and left halves

A

Sagittal Plane

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4
Q

vertically oriented, perpendicular to median plane, divides body into anterior and posterior portions; commonly used in imaging of the brain

A

Coronal / Frontal Plane

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5
Q

perpendicular to median and coronal planes, divides body into superior and inferior portions; CT scans are commonly generated in this plane

A

Horizontal / Transverse / Axial Plane

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6
Q

Movement in the sagittal plane is around the ___ axis

A

X axis

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7
Q

Movement in the transverse plane is around the ___ axis

A

Y axis

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8
Q

Movement in the coronal plane is around the ___ axis

A

Z axis

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9
Q

towards the front

A

Ventral

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10
Q

towards the back

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

on one side

A

Unilateral

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12
Q

on both sides

A

Bilateral

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13
Q

on the opposite side

A

Contralateral

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14
Q

towards the center of the body

A

Medial

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15
Q

away from the center of the body

A

Lateral

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16
Q

towards the head

A

superior

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17
Q

towards the feet

A

inferior

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18
Q

towards the front

A

anterior

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19
Q

towards the back

A

posterior

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20
Q

pertaining to body wall

A

parietal

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21
Q

pertaining to internal organs

A

visceral

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22
Q

towards the head (referring to CNS)

A

rostral

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23
Q

towards the feet (referring to CNS)

A

caudal

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24
Q

towards the surface of body

A

external / superficial

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25
Q

away from the surface of body

A

internal / deep

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26
Q

lying face down

A

prone

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27
Q

lying face up

A

supine

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28
Q

towards root of limb

A

proximal

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29
Q

towards end of limb

A

distal

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30
Q

movement that decreases angle

A

flexion

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31
Q

movement that increases angle

A

extension

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32
Q

movement toward body/midline

A

adduction

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33
Q

movement away from body/midline

A

abduction

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34
Q

internal rotation

A

medial rotation

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35
Q

external rotation

A

lateral rotation

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36
Q

circular motion; combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

A

circumduction

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37
Q

movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers on same hand

A

opposition

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38
Q

return thumb to anatomical position

A

reposition

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39
Q

rotation of forearm, palm faces posteriorly

A

pronation

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40
Q

rotation of forearm, palm faces anteriorly (anatomical position)

A

supination

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41
Q

elevation of medial side of sole

A

inversion

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42
Q

elevation of lateral side of sole

A

eversion

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43
Q

drawing scapula laterally and anteriorly on posterior thoracic wall

A

protraction

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44
Q

drawing the scapula medially and posteriorly on the posterior thoracic wall

A

retraction

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45
Q

inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint

A

valgus

46
Q

outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint

A

varus

47
Q

movement to close the mouth

A

elevation

48
Q

movement to open the mouth

A

depression

49
Q

mandible moves anteriorly

A

protrusion / protraction

50
Q

mandible moves posteriorly

A

retrusion / retraction

51
Q

type of tissue found in polarized membranes or glands; line and cover all surfaces of the body

A

epithelium

52
Q

connects other tissues
supports avascular epithelia
examples: tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, adipose tissue, and blood

A

connective tissue

53
Q

type of tissue found in walls of internal organs and blood vessels

A

smooth muscle

54
Q

type of tissue found in the heart and proximal parts of the great vessels

A

cardiac muscle

55
Q

type of tissue that forms all muscles under voluntary control

A

skeletal muscle

56
Q

type of tissue that forms the CNS (neurons, their processes, glial cells) and PNS (dendrites and axons with neuronal cell bodies housed in ganglia); cells are polarized and conduct electrical impulses

A

nervous tissue

57
Q 
connective tissue
has no direct blood supply
heals poorly
has no direct innervation
no pain fibers
A

cartilage

58
Q

articular, costal, nasal, tracheal

most common type of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

59
Q

type of cartilage in intervertebral discs, menisci, and symphysis pubis

A

fibrocartilage

60
Q

type of cartilage in external ear and epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

61
Q

has blood supply, has nerve (pain) fibers, heals slowly but usually by reforming, movements occur at joints, the hardest/densest structures in the body

A

bone

62
Q

type of bone that is on the outside of the bone; more dense

A

compact bone

63
Q

type of bone on the inside of bones

A

cancellous / spongy bone

64
Q

type of bone that is tubular, shaft with marrow cavity (femur, humerus)

A

long bones

65
Q

carpals and tarsals are examples of this type of bone

A

short bones

66
Q

squamous, skull, ribs, sternum, and scapula are examples of this type of bone

A

flat bones

67
Q

vertebrae, some skull bones, pelvic bones are examples of this type of bone

A

irregular bones

68
Q

patella is an example of this type of bone, develops in tendon

A

sesamoid bones

69
Q

type of bone that occurs within a suture of the cranium

A

sutural bones

70
Q 
support
protection
movement
mineral storage
haematopoiesis
A

functions of bone

71
Q

dense collagenous connective tissue that connects bones; movement allowed depends on length of fibers uniting two structures

A

fibrous joints (synarthroses)

72
Q

type of fibrous joint that is non-movable; found between bones of skull, bones interlock

A

suture joints

73
Q

type of fibrous joint that unites the shafts of two long bones, amphiarthroidal, some movement is permitted

A

syndesmosis joints

74
Q

type of fibrous joint where cementum of root of tooth is anchored to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible by the periodontal ligament, amphiarthrosis, slight movement permitted

A

gomphosis joint

75
Q

type of joint that allows some motion; types include synchondrosis and symphysis

A

cartilaginous joints

76
Q

primary cartilaginous joint, bones united by hyaline cartilage, temporary, replaced by bone, allow growth of long bones - becomes a synarthrosis when bone elongation is complete

A

synchondrosis

77
Q

secondary cartilaginous joint, bones united by fibrocartilage, permanent, strong, allows limited movement

A

symphysis

78
Q

freely movable joint; articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

A

synovial joint

79
Q

dense bands of connective tissue (mainly collagen, some contain elastic fibers), stabilize joint, connects bone to bone

A

ligament

80
Q

type of ligament inside joint capsule but outside synovial membrane

A

intracapsular ligament

81
Q

type of ligament outside joint capsule, strengthens joint

A

extracapsular joint

82
Q

a ligament injury when the ligament is stretched beyond its capacity

A

sprain

83
Q

fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of glenoid cavity or acetabulum that deepens concavity of the articular surface - stabilizes joint

A

labrum

84
Q

found in sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and TM joints; made of fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage; helps to bridge incongruity between bony surfaces; compartmentalize joint cavity into two joint spaces which allow different movements

A

articular disc

85
Q

crescents of fibrocartilage; deepen tibial plateaus with which the rounded femoral condyles articulate; stabilize the joint and act as shock absorbers

A

menisci of knee

86
Q

collections of adipocytes enclosed by a fibrous sheath; fill space created during movement; absorb shock

A

fat pads

87
Q

sacs lined with synovial membrane that produce synovial fluid; found between skin and bone (subcutaneous) or between tendon and bone (subtendinous); provide friction-free movement between moving structures

A

bursae

88
Q

painful inflammation of a bursa, caused by repetitive motions or positions at a joint

A

bursitis

89
Q

endothelium with small amount of connective tissue

A

tunica intima

90
Q

thicker in arteries than veins; contains layers of smooth muscle cells and elastic laminae

A

tunica media

91
Q

connective tissue containing vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum supplying outer media and adventitia

A

tunica adventitia

92
Q

many elastic lamellae in tunica media, helps absorb pulsation of blood from heart and minimizes changes in BP as heart contracts and relaxes (ex: aorta, carotid, subclavian arteries)

A

large conducting elastic arteries

93
Q

circularly arranged smooth muscle as major component of their walls; can alter diameter and propel blood to different regions of the body (ex: brachial, radial, femoral arteries)

A

medium muscular distributing arteries

94
Q

regulate degree of perfusion of capillary beds and blood pressure (not named)

A

small arteries and arterioles

95
Q

return blood from capillary beds to heart

A

veins

96
Q

smallest veins, drain capillary beds, no muscle in walls

A

venules

97
Q

bundles of vascular smooth muscle in their walls and a well developed adventitia (ex: superior vena cava)

A

large veins

98
Q

have valves that permit flow of blood towards heart only; many are named for the artery they accompany

A

medium veins

99
Q

ultrafiltrate containing 10% of fluid that leaked from vascular capillary beds, larger proteins, salts, soluble fats, clotting factors, bacteria and small viruses and lymphocytes

A

lymph

100
Q

contain white blood cells, filters lymph and initiates an immune response

A

lymph nodes

101
Q

brain
spinal cord
optic nerve (CN II)

A

central nervous system (CNS)

102
Q

cranial and spinal nerves (except CN II)
autonomic and sensory ganglia
splanchnic and pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

103
Q

processes of primary ventral rami become rearranged in interconnected networks

A

nerve plexi

104
Q

found in the root of the neck and axilla - axons become rearranged to form nerves of upper limb

A

brachial plexus

105
Q

branches of nerves that give sensory innervation to the skin; like the main nerves, they may have axons from more than one spinal cord segment

A

cutaneous nerve

106
Q

areas of the skin innervated by a single spinal cord segment; it does not matter what nerve an axon traveled through to get to the skin

A

dermatomes

107
Q

pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearing, vision, equilibrium

A

somatic sensory

108
Q

stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, hunger, taste

A

visceral sensory

109
Q

innervation of skeletal muscle

A

somatic motor

110
Q

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic (autonomic nervous system)

A

visceral motor

Anatomy (1 decks)

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