Anatomic Pathology

Question 1

Ovarian tumor
+introduction
+epidemiology
+classification
+aetiology/risk factors
+pathogenesis
+clinical features
+investigations
+treatment
+prognosis/Staging

Answer 1

+ ovarian tumor is the third most common female cancer after endometrial and cervical tumor.
+ classified as benign, borderline and malignant.
histologically, it is classified into surface epithelium, germ cell and sex cord stroma tumor.
+risk factors include nulliparity, obesity, early menarche, hormone replacement therapy, family history, genetic syndromes and endometriosis.
+clinical features; menorrhagia, dyspareunia, ascites, abdominal pain, urogenital and GIT symptoms (late presentation), meig syndrome, mentrual irregularity, weight loss, weakness
+tumor markers- CA-125, AFP, AAT, nanong transcription assay,osteopontin
hormonal assay-estrogen, androgen and gonadotropin
genetic studies-KRAS mutation
immunohistochemistry, ancillary investigations such as abdominal USS, CT and MRI
+TAH+BSO, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
+staging; I-IV

Question 2

Neuropathology: Malformations and developmental abnormalities, trauma, herniations and cerebral edema
+ factors involved in development of CNS disorders.
+ list CNS malformations and developmental abnormalities
+ what region is affected in syringomyelia.
+classification of CNS trauma
+sequelae of brain trauma
+brain herniation and classification
+classification of cerebral edema

Question 3

+define atelectasis.
+classify atelectasis.
+define pulmonary edema.
+classification
+gross and histologic finding of hemodynamic pulmonary edema
+ALI/ARDS
+causes
+pathogenesis
+clinical features
+gross and histologic finding of ALI/ARDS
+treatment and complications

Question 4

Pathology of lymphoid tissue
+lymphoid tissue of hemopoietic component
+disorders of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
+classification of lymphoid neoplasms
+classification of hodgkins lymphoma
+characteristics of hodgkins lymphoma
+classification of NHL

Answer 4

+thymus, lymph nodes, spleen
+disorders of thymus include developmental disorders(thymic hypoplasia and thymic cyst), thymic hyperplasia and thymoma
Spleen; splenomegaly, splenic infarcts, congenital anomalies, acute and chronic splenitis
Lymph node; lymph node neoplasm, lymphadenitis
+hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma
+ classical type and non classical type
+reed sternberg cells
+Pre-B cell, peripheral B cell, pre T cell and peripheral T cell

Question 5

CERVICAL TUMOR
+transformation zone and SCJ
+hallmark of pre-malignant lesions
+classification of pre-malignant lesions
+risk factors
+pathogenesis
+investigations
+treatment
+prevention/screening
+clinical features
+staging and prognosis

Question 6

Vascular pathology
+types of vascular malformations
+explain the types: subtypes location

Question 7

CNS TUMOR
+list the glial cell tumors
+ pseudo palisading necrosis
+ rosenthelial fibers with eosinophilic granular bodies
+ fried egg appearance; the 3 C’s
+rosettes and pseudoresettes
+homer wright rosette
+psammoma bodies

Answer 7

+ astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and ependydoma
+ glioblastoma grade IV of astrocytoma
+pilocytic astrocytoma which is seen in children and young adult it affects the cerebellum, wall and floor of third ventricle and optic nerve
+ oligodendroglioma which affects the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. It shows clear halo around they cytoplasm, calcification and chicken wire appearance (anastomosing capillaries)
+ ependydoma which affects the ependydomal cells which are found in ventricle and central canal of spinal cord
+ medulloblastoma: the neuroectodermal cells it affects the cerebellum , homer wright rosette - centre of neutrophil has a delicate pink material formed by neuronal processes and it is surrounded by tumor cells
+meningioma which affects meningeal cells in the arachnoid. Found in the parasagital region, olfactory groove and Dura convexity