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Cancer de Mama > Anatomia > Flashcards

Anatomia Flashcards

1
Q

La base más o menos circular de las mamas femeninas se extiende transversalmente… y verticalmente…

A

Transversalmente: desde el borde lateral del esternón hacia línea axilar anterior. Verticalmente: desde la 2.a a la 6.a costillas.

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2
Q

Dos tercios de la mama descansan sobre… que cubre el … ; el otro tercio descansa sobre la fascia que cubre el …

A

Dos tercios de la mama descansan sobre LA FASCIA PECTROAL que cubre el PECTROAL MAYOR; el otro tercio descansa sobre la fascia que cubre el MUSCULO SERRATO ANTERIOR.

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3
Q

PROCESO AXILAR O COLA (COLA O PROCESO DE SPENCE.)

A

UNA PEQUEÑA PARTE DE LA MAMA PUEDE EXTENDERSE A LO LARGO DEL BORDE INFEROLATERAL DEL MUSCULO PECTROAL MAYOR HACIA LA FOSA AXILAR Y FORMA EL PROCESO DE SPENCE

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4
Q

LAS GLANDULAS MAMARIAS ESTAN FIRMEMENTE UNIDAS A LA DERMIS DE LA PIEL QUE LAS CUBRE MEDIANTE LOS…

A

LIGAMENTOS SUSPENSORIOS O DE COOPER ESTOS LIGAMENTOS, ESPECIALMENTE DESARROLLADOS EN LA PARTE SUPERIOR DE LA GLANDULA, AYUDAN A SOSTENER LOS LOBULOS DE LA GLANDULA MAMARIA.

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5
Q

PEZÓN

A

Se halla en la prominencia más elevada de la mama Rodeado por un área circular pigmentada (la areola)

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6
Q

PARENQUIMA DE LA GLANDULA MAMARIA

A

ENTRE 15 Y 20 LOBULOS DE TEJIDO GLANDULAR, QUE CONSTITUYE EL PARENQUIMA DE LA GLANDULA MAMARIA

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7
Q

Cada lobulo está drenado por un…, que desemboca independientemente en el peso.

A

Cada lobulo esta drenado por un CONDUCTO LACTIFERO, que desemboca independientemente en el pezón. Justo por debajo de la areola, cada conducto posee una porción dilatada, EL SENO LACTIFERO

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8
Q

Atlas de Glándula mamaria

A
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9
Q

Atlas: Arterias de la glandula mamaria

A
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10
Q

Atlas: Vasos y nodulos (ganglios) linfáticos de la glándula mamaria

A
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11
Q

Atlas: Drenaje linfático de la mama

A
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12
Q

Vascularización de la mama

A

Ramas mamarias mediales de las ramas perforantes

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13
Q

Drenaje Venoso de la mama

A

se dirige principalmente a la vena axilar, aunque también drena en la vena torácica interna.

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14
Q

IMAGEN: RM SAGITAL QUE MUESTRA LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE LA MAMA Y LAS RELACIONES POSTERIORES.

A
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15
Q

Imagenes.

Drenajes linfático y vascularización de la mama.

A) Arterias

B) Venas

C) Drenaje linfático.

A

Drenaje linfático y vascularización de la mama. A) Arterias. B) Venas. C) Drenaje linfático. Los nódulos linfáticos axilares se indican con un asterisco verde.

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16
Q

El drenaje linfático de la mama

A

La linfa pasa desde el pezón, la areola y los lóbuos de la glándula hacia el plexo linfático subareolar.

La mayor parte de la linfa (> 75%), en especial de los cuadrantes laterales de las mamas, drena hacia los nódulos linfáticos axilares (pectoral, humeral, subescapular, central y apical.)

La mayor parte de la linfa drena inicalmente hacia los nódulos pectorales anteriores.

La linfa de los cuadrantes mediales drena hacia los nódulos linfáticos paraesternales o hacia la mama opuesta.

La linfa de los cuadrantes inferiores puede pasar profundamente hacia nódulos linfáticos abdominales (nódulos frénicos inferiores).

La linfa de los nódulos axilares drena a los nódulos linfáticos supraclaviculares e infraclaviculares, y de estos al tronco linfático subclavio. La linfa de los nódulos paraesternales entra en los troncos broncomediastínicos, que drenan finalmente en los conductos torácico olinfático derecho.

17
Q

Imagen (cuadrante de las mamas)

A
18
Q

Imagen: Venas proximales de la extremidad superior, nódulos linfáticos axilares y drenaje linfático del miembro superior y de la mama.

A
19
Q

imagen: Plexo braquial y vasos subclavios en la región cervical lateral (triángulo posterior del cuello).

A
20
Q

IMAGEN POR TAC

Lymphatic System

Parietal Nodes

a) Anterior cervical
b) Supraclavicular
c) Subclavicular

d) Interpectoral (Rotter’s) e) Deep axillary

f) Superficial axillary
g) Paramammary
h) Parasternal/Internal mammary i) Infraphrenic

A

Parietal Nodes

a) Anterior cervical
b) Supraclavicular
c) Subclavicular

d) Interpectoral (Rotter’s) e) Deep axillary

f) Superficial axillary
g) Paramammary
h) Parasternal/Internal mammary i) Infraphrenic

21
Q

Imagen por TAC

Lymphatic System

Visceral Nodes

j) Para-aortic
k) Paratracheal
l) Upper para-oesophageal
m) Aorticopulmonary
n) Sub-carinal
o) Hilar lymph
p) Mid para-oesophageal
q) Para-vertebral
r) Retrocrural

A

Visceral Nodes

j) Para-aortic
k) Paratracheal
l) Upper para-oesophageal
m) Aorticopulmonary
n) Sub-carinal
o) Hilar lymph
p) Mid para-oesophageal
q) Para-vertebral
r) Retrocrural

22
Q

Imagen por TAC

Lymphatic system

Lower Cervical, supraclavicular and sternal notch – Supraclavicular zone

Upper Paratracheal – Upper zone

3a – Prevascular – Upper zone

3p – Retrotracheal – Upper zone

Lower Paratracheal – Upper zone

Subaortic – AP zone

Para-aortic – AP zone

Subcarinal – Subcarinal zone

Para-oesophageal – Lower zone

Pulmonary ligament – Lower zone

Hilar – Hilar zone

Interlobar – Interlobar zone

Lobar – Peripheral zone

Segmental – Peripheral zone

Subsegmental – Peripheral zone

A

Lower Cervical, supraclavicular and sternal notch – Supraclavicular zone

Upper Paratracheal – Upper zone

3a – Prevascular – Upper zone

3p – Retrotracheal – Upper zone

Lower Paratracheal – Upper zone

Subaortic – AP zone

Para-aortic – AP zone

Subcarinal – Subcarinal zone

Para-oesophageal – Lower zone

Pulmonary ligament – Lower zone

Hilar – Hilar zone

Interlobar – Interlobar zone

Lobar – Peripheral zone

Segmental – Peripheral zone

Subsegmental – Peripheral zone

23
Q

imagen por TAC

Figure 3.5.4 shows the lymph node groups visible at the thoracic outlet. Some of the most commonly irradiated nodes in radiotherapy are the supraclavicular (42), renowned as common routes of spread for head and neck and breast tumours. On the other side of the clavicles can be seen the infraclavicular (43) nodes. The jugular chain (44) lies among the larger blood vessels in this region. The para- oesophageal (45) and paratracheal (46) chains of nodes run vertically along their related structures. The most inferior of the anterior cervical nodes (47) lie in the suprasternal notch.

A

Figure 3.5.4 shows the lymph node groups visible at the thoracic outlet. Some of the most commonly irradiated nodes in radiotherapy are the supraclavicular (42), renowned as common routes of spread for head and neck and breast tumours. On the other side of the clavicles can be seen the infraclavicular (43) nodes. The jugular chain (44) lies among the larger blood vessels in this region. The para- oesophageal (45) and paratracheal (46) chains of nodes run vertically along their related structures. The most inferior of the anterior cervical nodes (47) lie in the suprasternal notch.

24
Q

Imagen por TAC

In Figure 3.5.5 (at about the level of T2), the paratracheal and para-oesophageal nodes (50) are closely entwined. In this region, the deep axillary lymph nodes (48) can also be seen. Another common site for lymph node involvement from breast tumours, it can be seen that there is plenty of room for growth in the fatty spaces of the axilla. Anterior and medial to these are the interpectoral nodes (49). These are also known as ‘Rotter’s nodes’. The anterior mediastinal nodes (51) lie just posterior to the sternum.

A

In Figure 3.5.5 (at about the level of T2), the paratracheal and para-oesophageal nodes (50) are closely entwined. In this region, the deep axillary lymph nodes (48) can also be seen. Another common site for lymph node involvement from breast tumours, it can be seen that there is plenty of room for growth in the fatty spaces of the axilla. Anterior and medial to these are the interpectoral nodes (49). These are also known as ‘Rotter’s nodes’. The anterior mediastinal nodes (51) lie just posterior to the sternum.

25
Q

Imagen por TAC

Figure 3.5.6 is taken at the level of the aortic arch and the most superior of the para-aortic nodes (55) lie just next to the arch itself. The paratracheal and para- oesophageal (50) chains are still closely connected. The anterior mediastinal nodes (51) have now been joined by the parasternal (54) or ‘internal mammary chain’. This is another potential route of spread for breast tumours.

A

Figure 3.5.6 is taken at the level of the aortic arch and the most superior of the para-aortic nodes (55) lie just next to the arch itself. The paratracheal and para- oesophageal (50) chains are still closely connected. The anterior mediastinal nodes (51) have now been joined by the parasternal (54) or ‘internal mammary chain’. This is another potential route of spread for breast tumours.

Rotter’s nodes (49) maintain their position between the pectoralis muscles while the superficial axillary nodes (53) are lateral.

26
Q

Imagen por TAC

Figure 3.5.7 is at the level of the bifurcation of the trachea (about T6) and the two main bronchi can be seen easily. Between the two bronchi lie the subcarinal nodes (56). The internal mammary chain (54) and anterior mediastinal (51) nodes enclose the sternum. Lymph nodes in the aorticopulmonary window (57) lie along the left pulmonary artery and the para-aortic nodes (55) accompany the descending thoracic aorta.

A

Figure 3.5.7 is at the level of the bifurcation of the trachea (about T6) and the two main bronchi can be seen easily. Between the two bronchi lie the subcarinal nodes (56). The internal mammary chain (54) and anterior mediastinal (51) nodes enclose the sternum. Lymph nodes in the aorticopulmonary window (57) lie along the left pulmonary artery and the para-aortic nodes (55) accompany the descending thoracic aorta.

27
Q

At the slightly lower level of Figure 3.5.8, many of the same nodes are still present in similar positions. The internal mammary chain (54), anterior mediastinal (51) and para-aortic nodes (55) have not changed much. This level features the hilum of the lungs, however, and the bronchopulmonary, or ‘hilar’ nodes (58) have appeared. The para-oesophageal chain (45) continues, now without its accompanying paratracheal nodes.

A

At the slightly lower level of Figure 3.5.8, many of the same nodes are still present in similar positions. The internal mammary chain (54), anterior mediastinal (51) and para-aortic nodes (55) have not changed much. This level features the hilum of the lungs, however, and the bronchopulmonary, or ‘hilar’ nodes (58) have appeared. The para-oesophageal chain (45) continues, now without its accompanying paratracheal nodes.

28
Q

Figure 3.5.9 again features many of these node groups at a lower level. The hilar (58), para-oesophageal (45), para-aortic (55) and parasternal (54) are all still present. The anterior mediastinal nodes have been replaced by the precardial nodes (59). Below this level the parasternal (internal mammary chain) connects to the diaphragmatic nodes that are situated just behind the xiphoid process.

A

Figure 3.5.9 again features many of these node groups at a lower level. The hilar (58), para-oesophageal (45), para-aortic (55) and parasternal (54) are all still present. The anterior mediastinal nodes have been replaced by the precardial nodes (59). Below this level the parasternal (internal mammary chain) connects to the diaphragmatic nodes that are situated just behind the xiphoid process.

29
Q

IMAGEN POR TAC

FULL THORAX

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 8. Pectoralis Minor Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Trachea
  6. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 25. Right Brachiocephalic Vein 26. Left Brachiocephalic Vein 27. Arch of Aorta
  7. Spinal Cord
  8. Glandular Tissue of Breast
30
Q

IMAGEN

FULL THORAX TAC 2

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 8. Pectoralis Minor Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Trachea
  6. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 15. Lower Lobe of Left Lung 28. Ascending Thoracic Aorta 29. Descending Thoracic Aorta
  7. Superior Vena Cava 31. Azygos Vein
  8. Spinal Cord
  9. Glandular Tissue of Breast
31
Q

IMAGEN

FULL THORAX 3

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 8. Pectoralis Minor Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Bifurcation of Trachea
  6. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 15. Lower Lobe of Left Lung 28. Ascending Thoracic Aorta 29. Descending Thoracic Aorta
  7. Superior Vena Cava 31. Azygos Vein
  8. Pulmonary Artery
  9. Pulmonary Vein 34. Pulmonary Trunk 40. Spinal Cord
  10. Glandular Tissue of Breast
32
Q

IMAGEN

FULL THORAX TAC 4

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 8. Pectoralis Minor Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 15. Lower Lobe of Left Lung 16. Right Main Bronchus
  6. Left Main Bronchus
  7. Lower Lobe of Right Lung 28. Ascending Thoracic Aorta 29. Descending Thoracic Aorta 30. Superior Vena Cava
  8. Azygos Vein
  9. Pulmonary Artery
  10. Pulmonary Vein
  11. Pulmonary Trunk
  12. Spinal Cord
  13. Glandular Tissue of Breast
33
Q

IMAGEN

TAC DE THORAX TAC 5

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 15. Lower Lobe of Left Lung 16. Right Main Bronchus
  6. Left Main Bronchus
  7. Middle Lobe of Right Lung 19. Lower Lobe of Right Lung 28. Ascending Thoracic Aorta 29. Descending Thoracic Aorta 30. Superior Vena Cava
  8. Azygos Vein
  9. Pulmonary Artery
  10. Pulmonary Vein
  11. Pulmonary Trunk
  12. Left Atrium
  13. Right Atrium
  14. Spinal Cord
  15. Glandular Tissue of Breast
34
Q

IMAGEN

FULL THORAC TAC 6

A
  1. Scapula
  2. Thoracic Vertebra 6. Rib
  3. Pectoralis Major Muscle 9. Sternum
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Upper Lobe of Left Lung 14. Upper Lobe of Right Lung 15. Lower Lobe of Left Lung 18. Middle Lobe of Right Lung 19. Lower Lobe of Right Lung 28. Ascending Thoracic Aorta 29. Descending Thoracic Aorta 30. Superior Vena Cava
  6. Azygos Vein
  7. Pulmonary Artery
  8. Pulmonary Vein
  9. Pulmonary Trunk
  10. Left Atrium
  11. Right Atrium
  12. Left Ventricle
  13. Spinal Cord
  14. Glandular Tissue of Breast

Cancer de Mama (3 decks)

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