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Anatomy 1 > Anat test 2 layers pericardial > Flashcards

Anat test 2 layers pericardial Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers (superficial to deep) of the clinical pericardium?

A

Pericardial Mediastinal Pleura
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Serous Pericardium

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2
Q

What are the 3 layer of the anatomical pericardium (superficial to deep)

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
Visceral Pericardium (epicardium)

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3
Q

What is the difference between anatomical and clinical pericardium?

A

Clinical pericardium are the 3 layers that are fused together to form the sac around the heart. Once the outer sac is removed you can see the pericardial cavity and the visceral pericardium (on heart) of the anatomical pericardium.

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4
Q

What is the phrenicopericardial ligament?

A

A ligament that connects the fibrous pericardium to the sternal portion of the diaphragm

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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6
Q

what does the epicardium consist of

A

serous membrane and loose connective tissue

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7
Q

what does the myocardium consist of

A

cardiac muscle, connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels

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8
Q

what is the myocardium comparable to

A

tunica media of vessels

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9
Q

what does the endocardium consist of

A

endothelium and connective tissue

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10
Q

what angle does the heart sit at in a cat

A

25-30 degrees

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11
Q

what angle does the heart sit at in a dog

A

40 degrees

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12
Q

which surface of the heart faces the left side of thorax

A

auricle face

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13
Q

what surface of the heart faces the right side of the thorax

A

atrial face

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14
Q

where is the coronary groove located and what does it contain

A

between the atria and the ventricles and it contains coronary vessels

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15
Q

where are the interventricular grooves located

A

located between the left and right ventricles at the interventricular septum

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16
Q

what are the two types of interventricular grooves

A

paraconal and subsinousal

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17
Q

what face of the heart is the paraconal interventricular groove seen on

A

the auricle surface

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18
Q

what face of the heart is the subsinousal interventricular groove seen on

A

the atrial face

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19
Q

what is diastole

A

the period in which the ventricles are filling and relaxing

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20
Q

what is systole

A

phase in which heart muscles contract to pump blood from chambers into arteries

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21
Q

what is the lub sound produced by

A

S1 heart sound produced by mitral and tricuspid valves closing

22
Q

what is the dub sound produced by

A

closing of pulmonary and aortic valves S2

23
Q

What are trabeculae carneae

A

the muscular ridges on the ventricular walls

24
Q

what is the trabeculae septomarginalis

A

a muscular strand that courses across the lumen of the ventricle

25
Q

what is the job of the trabeculae septomarginalis

A

to conduct the purkinje fibers from the right branch of the AV bundle across the lumen of the ventricle

26
Q

what is chordae tendineae

A

the fibromuscular chords that attach the cusps to papillary muscles

27
Q

what are papillary muscles

A

conicle muscular projects in the ventricles

28
Q

what heart valves are heard on the right side and in which intercostal space

A

the right atrio-ventricular valve (tricuspid) in intercostal space 4

29
Q

what heart valves are heard on the left side and in which intercostal spaces

A

left atrio-ventricular valve (mitral) in space 5
pulmonary in space 3
aortic in space 4

30
Q

where is the cardiac notch found

A

the right lung (right side) from intercostal spaces 3-5

31
Q

what are the parts of the right lung

A

hilus, cranial lobe, caudal lobe, middle lobe, and accessory lobe

32
Q

what are the parts of the left lung

A

cranial lobe, caudal lobe, and hilus

33
Q

what are the parts of the bronchial tree

A

trachea, principal bronchi, carina, and lobar bronchi

34
Q

how many c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings from the trachea

A

35

35
Q

what do the pulmonary ligaments do

A

connect lungs to mediastinum and stabilize caudal lung lobes

36
Q

what is the main difference between canine and feline esophaguses

A

canine are completely skeletal muscle while feline transition to smooth muscle

37
Q

what does the ascending aorta give rise to

A

the left and right coronary arteries

38
Q

what does the aortic arch give rise to

A

the brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

39
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to

A

left common carotid artery
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

40
Q

what does the left subclavian artery give rise to

A

vertebral artery
costocervical trunk
superficial cervical artery
axillary artery
internal thoracic artery

41
Q

what does the descending aorta give rise to

A

bronchoesophageal artery
dorsal intercostal arteries

42
Q

the dorsal intercostal arteries arise from two different locations, what are they?

A

1-3 arise from costocervical trunk
4-13 arise directly from aorta

43
Q

where do the ventral intercostal arteries arise from

A

internal thoracic artery

44
Q

which azygos vein develops in dogs and cats

A

the right azygos [won’t find a left]

45
Q

where does the azygos vein collect from and drain into

A

collects from the dorsal intercostal veins and drains into the cranial vena cava and right atrium

46
Q

where do the ventral intercostal veins drain into

A

internal thoracic vein

47
Q

where does the thoracic duct pick up lymph from

A

cisterna chyli [by diaphragm]

48
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain into

A

jugular vein, cranial vena cava, or brachiocephalic vein

49
Q

what structures can you find the thoracic duct running alongside

A

the aorta and azygos vein

50
Q

what does the mediastinum contain

A

heart, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, thymus, vessels, and nerves

51
Q

what is the plica vena cava

A

thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Anatomy 1 (7 decks)

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