ANAT CV

Question 1

1. Describe the nerve supply to the heart.

Answer 1

Location: cardiac nerve plexuses positioned around aortic arch, in front of trachea.

Motor: ANS

• PSNS: decreases HR, v**agus (descends in neck with carotid arteries)
• SNS: increases HR, T1-4/5 SC segments via sympathetic trunk (either side of thoracic cavity)

Sensory: Somatic NS

• cardiac reflexes - sensory fibres travel with vagus to enter T1-4/5 SC segments
• pain - sensory fibres travel via sympathetic trunks
• sensations from pericardia - within phrenic nerve from C3-5 SC segments

Question 2

2. Label the following great cardiac veins:

Answer 2

Dark purple - L&R Subclavian veins

Emerald green - L&R Jugular veins

Light blue - L&R Brachiocephalic veins

Dark blue - Azygous vein (posterior; hidden)

Light green - Superior vena cava

Yellow - Inferior vena cava

Light purple - L&R Common iliac veins

Red - L&R Pulmonary veins (x2)

Question 3

3. Label the following geat cardiac arteries:

Answer 3

Red (mid) - Ascending aorta

Orange (mid) - Aortic - arch

Light orange - Brachiocephalic trunk

Light red (upper) - R Common carotid artery

Pink (left) - R Subclavian artery

Medium-red - L Common carotid artery

Light pink (right) - L Subclavian artery

Grey - Descending aorta

Black - L&R Common iliac arteries

Purple - Pulmonary trunk

Magenta - L&R Pulmonary arteries

Question 4

4. Label the following parts of the cardiovascular shadow:

Answer 4

1. Arch of aorta (aortic knuckle)
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Left auricle
4. Left ventricle
5. Inferior vena cava
6. Right atrium
7. Superior vena cava
8. Right brachiocephalic vein

Question 5

5. Fill in the gaps regarding the internal features of the left ventricle:

• The left ________________ oricfice is guarded by the m____/b_______ v____ which consists of 2 v____ l_______ attached to _________ muscles by fine tendons called _______ t_________.
• The interior of the left ventricle also has muscular ridges called t_________ _______ but these are absent from the aortic outflow area called the ______ v________.
• The _____ leaves the left ventricle and contains 3 _________ c____ that make up the aortic _________ (__) _____ that ensures blood enters the L&R coronary arteries.

Answer 5

The left atrioventricular orifice is guarded by the mitral/bicuspid valve which consists of 2 valve leaflets attached to papillary muscles by fine tendons called chordae tendinae.

The interior of the left ventricle also has muscular ridges called trabeculae carnae but these are absent from the aortic outflow area called the aortic vestibule.

The aorta leaves the left ventricle and contains 3 semilunar cusps that make up the aortic semilunar (SL) valve that ensures blood enters the L&R coronary arteries.

Question 6

6. What nerve components to and from the heart travel in the vagus and sympathetic trunk respectively?
   a) PSNS motor fibres in the vagus, SNS motor fibres in the sympathetic trunk
   b) SNS motor fibres in the vagus, somatic sensory fibres carrying ‘pain’ information in the sympathetic trunk
   c) Somatic sensory fibres carrying cardiac reflex and pain information in the vagus, SNS motor fibres in the sympathetic trunk
   d) SNS motor fibres in the vagus, PSNS motor fibres in the sympathetic trunk, somatic sensory fibres carrying ‘pain’ information in the sympathetic trunk
   e) None of the above are correct

Answer 6

Correct: e) none were correct

The motor innervation of the heart is of the ANS:

• PSNS in CNX
• SNS in T1-4/5 SC segments via the ST

The sensory innervation is of the somatic NS:

• Cardiac reflex info in the vagus to enter T1-4/5 SC segments
• Pain info via the ST

Also not mentioned of the sensory innervation:

• Sensory fibres associated with sensation from the pericardia (fibrous & parietal) travel within the phrenic nerve from C3-5

Question 7

7. Name the following open chamber of the heart and label its internal features:

Answer 7

Left Ventricle

Green - mitral/bicuspid valve

Yellow - valve leaflets (2 of them make up the mitral valve)

Red - papillary muscles

Blue - chordae tendinae

Magenta - trabeculae carneae

Orange - aortic vestibule (aortic outflow area; absent of trabeculae carneae)

Light red (upper) - aorta

Tan - semilunar cusps (x3) that make up the aortic semilunar (SL) valve

Question 8

8. Both ventricles of the heart contain muscular ridges which are absent from a section in each. What is the name of these ridges and the areas that smooth and absent from them?

Answer 8

Trebeculae Carneae are the muscular ridges on the interior walls of the right and left ventricles.

For the (incomplete )