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ESA3 GI > Anat And Cells > Flashcards

Anat And Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the gut tube ?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

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2
Q

What is the role of the epithelial layer ?

A

Absorption, hormones secretion,mucus production,transport and barrier

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3
Q

What is the main role of the lamina Propria ?

A

Lymphoid
Macrophages
IgA production

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4
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa ?

A

Keeps epithelium in contact with Submucosa

Helps crypt dynamic

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5
Q

What is found in the Submucosa ?

A

dense CT
Blood vessels
lymphoid tissue
Plexus

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6
Q

What is the type of epithelium present in the gut ?

A

Stratified squamous in oesophagus and distal anus

Simple columnar everywhere else

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7
Q

What is an enterocyte ?

A

Simple columnar cel of the gut tube that absorbs

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8
Q

What is the main specialisation characteristic of the enterocyte ?

A

Has Microvilli

Described as brush border

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9
Q

How is mucus produced and what is its function in the gut (intestines+colon)?

A

By Goblet cells

Protects against : friction , acidic environment , bacterial invasion

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10
Q

Which cell produces mucus in the stomach ?

A

Surface mucous cells aka Foveolar cells

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11
Q

Which features of the gut increases the surface area ? Where are they found ?

A 
Microvilli 
Villi (small intestines )
Permanent folds (Plicae circulares)
Crypts (of Lieberkuhn in intestines and colon)
Temporary folds of the stomach (Rugae)
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12
Q

Which cells are found in crypts ?

A

Stem cells
Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells

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13
Q

What is the function of the stem cells in crypts ?

A

Renew the cells of epithelium every 2-4 days

Basophilic in H&E due to mitosis

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14
Q

What is the function of the paneth cells of the crypts ?

A

Secrete antibacterial protein to protect stem cells

Eosinophils due to secretory Vesicle

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15
Q

What is the function of the enteroendocrine cells in crypts ?

A

Secrete hormones to control gut function

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16
Q

Give eg of glandular tissue in the gut (exocrine)

A 
Salivary glands 
Pancreas
Brunners glands (duodenum, mucus HCO3)
17
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep ?

A 
Skin
Fascia/Fat
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis 
Rectus abdominis
Transversalis fascia 
Peritoneum
18
Q

Which muscles of the abdominal wall have aponeurosis ?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis

19
Q

What is the rectus sheath ?

A

Aponeurosis of the lateral muscles surrounding the rectus abdominis

20
Q

Explain the changes in the rectus sheath in relation to the arcuate line

A

Arcuate line : halfway between pubic symphysis and umbilicus

Above : rectus sheath goes anterior and posterior to Rectus abdominis

Below : only anterior , rectus abdominis rests on transversalis fascia

21
Q

What is the arcuate line ?

A

Lower limit of the posterior layer of rectus sheath

Where inferior epigastric vessel pierce rectus abdominis

22
Q

What is the mesentery ?

A

Double fold peritoneum attaching viscera to posterior abdominal wall

23
Q

Which part of the G tract have a mesentery ?

A 
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Transverse colon 
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
24
Q

What goes through a mesentery ?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic system,nerves, fat

25
Q

What is a peritoneal ligament ?

A

Double fold of peritoneum connecting two viscera

Or double fold of peritoneum connecting viscera to abdominal wall

26
Q

What are the two main peritoneal ligament connecting viscera together ?

A

Gastrocolic

Gastrosplenic

27
Q

What are the main peritoneal ligaments connecting viscera to abdominal wall ?

A 
Falciform ligament (liver to anterior wall)
Triangular ligaments (liver to diaphragm )
28
Q

What is the function of a sphincter in the GI tract ?

A

Divide tube in sections
Control movement
Prevent reflux

29
Q

Name the sphincters of the GI tract

A 
Upper oesophageal 
Lower oesophageal
Pyloric sphincter
Sphincter of Oddi
Ileo-caecal
Internal anal
External anal

ESA3 GI (9 decks)

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